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Let \\(G \\subset \\mathrm{GL}(N, \\mathbb R)\\) be a linear reductive Lie group and \\(H \\subset G\\) be a closed connected subgroup which is reductive in G. Let \\(G_{\\mathbb C}\\) and \\(H_{\\mathbb C}\\) are complexifications of Lie groups \\(G\\) and \\(H\\) respectively. Let \\(G_U = G_{\\mathbb C} \\cap U(N)\\) and \\(H_U = H_{\\mathbb C} \\cap U(N)\\); they are compact connected real forms of \\(G_{\\mathbb C}\\) and \\(H_{\\mathbb C}\\) respectively. Finally, the subgroup \\(K_H = H \\cap O(N)\\) is the maximal compact subgroup of \\(H\\). The following statement is the main result of this paper:   Let \\(G/H\\) be a homogeneous space of reductive type, \\(G_U /H_U\\) be the compact homogeneous space associated to \\(G/H\\) and \\(K_H\\) the maximal compact subgroup of \\(H\\). If the homomorphism \\(\\pi^\\ast : H^\\ast(G_U /H_U; \\mathbb C) \\to H^\\ast (G_U /K_H ; \\mathbb C)\\), induced by the projection \\(\\pi : G_U /K_H \\to G_U /H_U\\), is not injective, then \\(G/H\\) does not admit a compact Clifford-Klein form.   Then the author gives a sufficient condition for non-injectivity, using the Chern-Weil characteristic homomorphism.   As an application of this result, a lot of examples (some of them are new) of symmetric and nonsymmetric spaces \\(G/H\\), which do not admit compact Clifford-Klein forms, are 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