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Isbell}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 72, 619--655 (1966; Zbl 0142.25401)] a process (which Lawvere later called \\textit{Isbell envelope}) is described which combines in some sense the free completion and free cocompletion of a category. As the latter two can be described by the units of pseudomonads on the 2-category \\textbf{CAT} having as their pseudoalgebras the complete and the cocomplete categories respectively, the paper sets as its goal the description of a \\textit{Isbell monad} on \\textbf{CAT} having the embedding of a category \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) in its Isbell envelope as its unit at \\(\\mathcal{C}\\).  For this the author defines an interesting generalization of (orthogonal) factorization systems on a category, which he calls cylindrical factorization systems. A cylinder in \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) is essentially a sort of morphism of (small) diagrams in \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) (defined as a natural transformation between appropriately defined functors to \\(\\mathcal{C}\\), in a slightly different way than in the erratum [\\textit{P. J. Freyd} and \\textit{G. M. Kelly}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 4, 121 (1974; Zbl 0278.18002)] to their `Categories of continuous functors, I'). Then a cylinder factorization system in \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) consists of a pair of classes \\(\\mathcal{E}\\) and \\(\\mathcal{M}\\) of (not necessarily discrete) cocones and cones respectively which are orthogonal to each other in the appropriate sense, and for which every cylinder factorizes essentially uniquely as a cocone in \\(\\mathcal{E}\\) followed by a cone in \\(\\mathcal{M}\\). Call \\textbf{CFS} the 2-category of categories equipped with a cylinder factorization system and with 1-cells the functors preserving the \\(\\mathcal{E}\\)'s and the \\(\\mathcal{M}\\)'s, and all natural transformations as 2-cells. Then the paper shows that the forgetful functor from \\textbf{CFS} to \\textbf{CAT} is pseudomonadic and the unit at \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) is the embedding to its Isbell envelope with some canonical cylinder factorization system. The author notes that the Isbell monad generalises \\textit{M. Korostenski} and \\textit{W. Tholen}'s characterisation [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 85, No. 1, 57--72 (1993; Zbl 0778.18001)] of orthogonal factorisation systems as pseudoalgebras for the squaring monad \\((-)^2\\) on \\textbf{CAT}.  Good examples and motivations are given, and additional results are obtained from restricting the diagrams to specific types or the morphisms in 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