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Sakai. One of the most transcendental results is a characterization of \\(W^\\ast\\)-algebras as those \\(C^*\\)-algebras that have an isometric predual [\\textit{S. Sakai}, Pac. J. Math. 6, 763--773 (1956; Zbl 0072.12404)]. Let us recall that a predual of a Banach space \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a pair \\((E, \\kappa)\\) consisting of a Banach space \\(E\\) and a linear homeomorphism \\(\\kappa : \\mathcal{A} \\to E^*\\). A predual \\((E, \\kappa)\\) is called isometric if the mapping \\(\\kappa\\) is isometric. Two preduals \\((E_1, \\kappa_1)\\) and \\((E_2, \\kappa_2)\\) are identified if there exists a linear homeomorphism \\(T: E_1\\to E_2\\) satisfying \\(\\kappa_1= T^* \\circ \\kappa_2\\), or equivalently, the weak\\(^*\\)-topologies on \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) associated with \\((E_1, \\kappa_1)\\) and \\((E_2, \\kappa_2)\\) are identical. It should also be recalled that a von Neumann algebra is a weak\\(^*\\)-closed unital self-adjoint algebra of operators on a complex Hilbert space, and that a \\(W^\\ast\\)-algebra is a \\(C^*\\)-algebra that has a faithful \\(^*\\)-representation as a von Neumann algebra on some Hilbert space. Other than by Sakai, the question of determining an intrinsic characterization of \\(W^*\\)-algebras has been treated by authors like \\textit{R. V. Kadison} [Ann. Math. (2) 64, 175--181 (1956; Zbl 0071.11501); Expo. Math. 3, 193--227 (1985; Zbl 0576.46043)], \\textit{G. K. Pedersen} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 4, 171--175 (1972; Zbl 0252.46071)], and \\textit{J. Dixmier} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 81, 9--39 (1953; Zbl 0050.11501)].  The first aim of the interesting paper under review is an attempt to relax the (iso)metric requirement of Sakai's theorem to find a characterization of \\(W^*\\)-algebras as those \\(C^*\\)-algebras having a predual (in the sense above) that is compatible with (a priori only part of) the algebraic structure. Theorem 2.1 establishes the following characterization: Let \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) be a \\(C^*\\)-algebra and let \\(\\tau\\) be a locally convex Hausdorff topology on \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) weaker than the norm topology which satisfies the following conditions:{\\parindent=0.7cm\\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)] the mapping \\(x\\to axa\\) is \\(\\tau\\)-continuous on the closed unit ball \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) for every self-adjoint element \\(a\\) in \\(A\\); \\item[(ii)] \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{C}}\\) is relatively \\(\\tau\\)-compact for every maximal commutative \\(C^*\\)-subalgebra \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\).   \\end{itemize}} Then \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(W^*\\)-algebra and the space of \\(\\tau\\)-continuous linear functionals is dense in \\(\\mathcal{A}_*\\). If (ii) is replaced with the stronger condition that \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) is relatively \\(\\tau\\)-compact, then the topology on \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) induced by \\(\\tau\\) is identical to that by the canonical weak\\(^*\\)-topology.  The author employs an argument similar to those developed by Kadison and Sakai based on the construction of a faithful \\(^*\\)-representation of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) from suitably chosen positive linear functionals, in this case, those which are \\(\\tau\\)-continuous. The approach requires ingenious arguments to find sufficiently many positive linear functionals.  It is also shown in Corollary 2.3 that, if \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(C^*\\)-algebra endowed with a locally convex Hausdorff topology \\(\\tau\\) weaker than the norm topology which satisfies the following conditions:{\\parindent=0.7cm\\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)] the Jordan product is separately \\(\\tau\\)-continuous on the closed unit ball \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\), \\item[(ii)] \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) is relatively \\(\\tau\\)-compact,   \\end{itemize}} then \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(W^*\\)-algebra, and the topology on \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) induced by \\(\\tau\\) is identical to that by the canonical weak\\(^*\\)-topology. This applies when \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(C^*\\)-algebra admitting a predual \\((E, \\kappa)\\) such that the multiplication on \\(A\\) is separately weak\\(^*\\)-continuous.  In Section 3, the author explores the possibility to remove the algebraic conditions in the previous statements (i) by strengthening the topological requirement from relative \\(\\tau\\)-compactness to that of (full) \\(\\tau\\)-compactness. Theorem 3.1 proves that, if \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(C^*\\)-algebra endowed with a locally convex Hausdorff topology \\(\\tau\\) weaker than the norm topology such that \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) is \\(\\tau\\)-compact, then \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(W^*\\)-algebra, and the topology on \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{A}}\\) induced by \\(\\tau\\) is identical to that by the canonical weak\\(^*\\)-topology. Sakai's theorem is derived as a consequence of this result.  Actually, if \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(C^*\\)-algebra endowed with a locally convex Hausdorff topology \\(\\tau\\) weaker than the norm topology such that \\(\\mathbf{S}_{\\mathcal{C}}\\) is \\(\\tau\\)-compact for every maximal commutative \\(C^*\\)-subalgebra \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) of \\(\\mathcal{A}\\), then \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(W^*\\)-algebra, and the space of \\(\\tau\\)-continuous linear functionals is dense in \\(\\mathcal{A}_*\\) (see Theorem 3.3). This result is applied to obtain a strengthened version of a result due to Pedersen by showing that, if an \\(AW^*\\)-algebra \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) admits a separating set \\(E\\) of completely additive linear functionals, then \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) is a \\(W^*\\)-algebra.  This is a very well motivated paper on a fundamental topic in the theory of \\(C^*\\)-algebras. The reader will appreciate the detailed presentation and the motivating results established by the 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