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Wielandt} [Math. Z.~52, 642--648 (1950; Zbl 0035.29101)] gave a necessary and sufficient condition for (1) \\(\\rho(A)=\\rho(|A|)\\). The present authors develop this topic further. First, they prove that (1) holds if and only if \\(|A^k|=|A|^k\\) for all \\(k=1,2,\\dots\\). Their main result is that it is enough to check (2) \\(k=n^2-2n+2\\) and this value cannot be decreased.  Assume now that \\(A\\) is real and (entrywise) nonnegative. If \\(A\\) is primitive, then its exponent~\\(\\kappa(A)\\) is defined as the smallest \\(k\\) for which \\(A^k\\) is positive. An interesting connection with (2) is that (3) \\(\\kappa(A)\\leq n^2-2n+2\\). Wielandt [loc. cit.], stated (3) without proof and showed that it is sharp. Afterwards, several proofs have been given. Wielandt's original proof, found from his diaries, was published by \\textit{H. Schneider} [Linear Algebra Appl. 353, No. 1--3, 5--10 (2002; Zbl 1006.15023)]. 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