{"entities":{"Q2366249":{"pageid":2376992,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2366249","lastrevid":46344387,"modified":"2025-12-24T14:54:07Z","type":"item","id":"Q2366249","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Gleason's theorem is not constructively provable"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 223512"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$008C8D47-E2F8-4E8C-AC87-46B24DF1E43E","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c088bc6b765daecf3c9be68f8c03c7c3613939a0","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Gleason's theorem is not constructively provable","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$10749CD1-31A3-4DA4-8523-AEBF97F4D62D","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"429907d8d3ef11388192246d921f48e2e72c649e","datavalue":{"value":"0785.03041","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$9F8AEF5B-5D0A-4403-B887-594451BB024B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7f2284e505988edbeadc47ec174d5cfe8ad8cc2d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01049261","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$56A21A69-BBB5-4A9C-81C0-E67EF0FB04E0","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"11ccbe912ffb975ca7bc39c70be5fdf808a7c2cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":853815,"id":"Q853815"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$C4169783-4D51-406B-AAA7-04EAA151F7DF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e692f569038e7bcb7d3e72ba14d8d8e224046270","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169434,"id":"Q169434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$5884DAB3-836F-4BDA-B155-3AECD2C44803","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"be4381b75afe2df0dbe37cd1a66e006418c0c5aa","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-06-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$61DDB717-CC07-4E7B-943F-5FCCDADA7F79","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"318a957f52fc062ba28494b34628cf82eac12b85","datavalue":{"value":"Gleason's theorem characterizes the possible generalized probability measures \\(\\mu\\) on the closed subspaces \\(A\\) of a Hilbert space \\({\\mathcal H}\\) of dimension three or greater. They are given by the quantum mechanical pure and mixed states, that is, for any such \\(\\mu\\), there exists a positive selfadjoint operator \\(W\\) of trace class such that \\(\\mu(A)= \\text{Tr} (\\text{WP}_ A)\\), where \\(\\text{P}_ A\\) is the projection operator of \\({\\mathcal H}\\) onto \\(A\\). In addition to ruling out non-contextual hidden variables, the theorem is central in determining how probability can be introduced into quantum mechanics. This paper shows by reduction that even the weakest restriction of the theorem to the unit sphere of the real Hilbert space \\(\\mathbb{R}^ 3\\) is not constructively provable in the sense of Brouwer or Bishop, i.e. by intuitionistic reasoning. The theorem is shown to reduce to the lesser halting problem. This partially answers an open problem posed by Douglas Bridges. It does not say whether any viable constructivist substitute for Gleason's theorem is possible.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$5F34E180-B492-4E77-A779-782E72950596","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0282342b24b585fa878a09dabeb8eb52c72be5a3","datavalue":{"value":"03F60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$8CD0ACB3-067A-48D8-BEFE-5D36A9180584","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"042247497c87912347e9595c7e8f4af0a995087b","datavalue":{"value":"46S30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$5E199900-DBED-4EF4-A348-32A6F44975A8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"572048f4de56b44bb85ac973ae26b10de9340139","datavalue":{"value":"81P10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$97C44435-1C79-4DFB-B026-195D8ECD24D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c693e2a3de9b1637cff59b38d19aa5c090e545d2","datavalue":{"value":"46N50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$CCF2B40E-918A-44A3-8BB2-4AF337E5E89E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"807cdf8063b716ad7b8af7edd5f6bb91133b7c31","datavalue":{"value":"223512","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$202E8275-E78D-4924-A77C-127AA5C269E3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3daabaa1917a918b36cc6f3b7504d9b554346aab","datavalue":{"value":"closed subspaces of a Hilbert space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$5AFC5BCB-E88E-41B1-8CD1-75810010CFC8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7ec0731b06d8bbf23cf3c4f4c1d5255815ea8b55","datavalue":{"value":"generalized probability measures","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$44BAB9D6-D69C-4158-AA8F-CEDFD5C5D81E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b9ebbc2dcf72c748dfce12da8d2fac04bb6765c4","datavalue":{"value":"quantum mechanical pure and mixed states","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$4A1DE92A-0A92-4A6C-BEAF-054B19B02A87","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1c578f2428a27b08a50c2e90dfe1bde57d844a79","datavalue":{"value":"hidden variables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$6B4AF3D0-4200-43F1-89EF-4ED279CF3E66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c9b38447a3ea959cbe95310edeeb21e7ef6903f8","datavalue":{"value":"halting problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$9C3DD9C7-1B7E-499C-90B5-E8ACC340C0B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$3329E597-4EBE-427C-8DD5-5D91C4498BA9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4122519b918206897f0af20a4d6bc87fe7850995","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5573965,"id":"Q5573965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$1BBA8FAD-5CED-4170-A171-271A7B8EF537","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"906ac180f2abcfa9b32aae4860e71d746ecfa3d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4184832,"id":"Q4184832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$6684F4FA-70F5-4F99-AE5B-06D86CCD8DF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04625889dd3e15b1b32cc8cc597efe361bf45b30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3912579,"id":"Q3912579"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$82611EBD-4767-4348-BC6F-3B4A71BE6BBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dffad437e017fdc15baf42ce447a323a98e8dfcf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4133603,"id":"Q4133603"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$E6CA43C1-DB7C-4A90-A3EE-455DA3A3224A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3ccf21c4ef0d868455113d3158584d449c577c23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3245484,"id":"Q3245484"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$F477994A-3B14-4D9F-AF54-30A6C296177B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"31b9f882568f0b9d8fc0b2f4d285f4a0d4c4b176","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5551052,"id":"Q5551052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$4D594B93-594D-4529-AD13-FB36AAB5A040","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"460eb66ef19d19ab29cf30aa65cb06b6671f6ca4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5562575,"id":"Q5562575"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$16590AB7-A3F2-4BCA-907C-70ACAD99044A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0f562becaaa114e0b508f0e8f495f78dfa579758","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5723020,"id":"Q5723020"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$3736D126-F93E-48F6-BC90-91A5105DAD8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1f99f0da2cdfa975b7c4fb87c5284e9477b25300","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4100556,"id":"Q4100556"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$C4617831-FA78-480A-B9A2-176E277CDBB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b96988ad6fb35ca1892c24eb78b9faa634755e90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5537293,"id":"Q5537293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2366249$4B4041A7-41D0-408A-9486-8BCC576970E3","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"23773b3148affc54e50627f090ef0b002e0acfd1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1283029,"id":"Q1283029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f6bbe4f04abe60f7bc4f5a08daddb00baf91c27e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.865599513053894","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2366249$A25C9477-3BE6-4DB2-A43B-71ED829C3F4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e06776762fcfc71ee0b70e0d3f3888cf68954aba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1372943,"id":"Q1372943"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cecd966e5a75b7ac84a54a64e50d403958a633f2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8538695573806763","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2366249$768B8019-5101-4BF5-BFC1-8D0BD0BBF235","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a51664f09909ed6d26126bd6b39e7badedce6a3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3333780,"id":"Q3333780"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0f092a580291f9814c0d4eb6921814c68d9755b4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8385619521141052","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2366249$8A7F3FBB-36FD-4C09-8312-E0699E0DC259","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2366249","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2366249"}}}}}