{"entities":{"Q2367838":{"pageid":2378581,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2367838","lastrevid":43958301,"modified":"2025-11-18T12:50:30Z","type":"item","id":"Q2367838","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Fuzzy set operations based on the theory of falling shadows"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 269939"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$3275ECA7-2042-4C0F-9CF2-91BD1DAA5FFA","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"29748483f06311f47f6896b558a2dd736878929c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Fuzzy set operations based on the theory of falling shadows","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$760A8F3A-2AEC-4DE9-B622-8FE1B32E3576","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"ec241d15dc0c701f83c7b0fa09e38779800a8189","datavalue":{"value":"0809.04008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$46D2FC31-2F7A-409D-A278-9312D2147E0A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d42129bf0de90f6452dbab0fd32488d3cd2d0a2c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1914418,"id":"Q1914418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$1856351E-32E6-4393-8CBD-5901F3A2EB12","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"43d4c23122aea67deb75032a3dd0e2d8bccf5939","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1277846,"id":"Q1277846"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$CFE7FB11-D8DC-4B0A-B87E-065E91800C63","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"4aea78bb61b4a8760d9d9fcc69cb0e32f2b51099","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161770,"id":"Q161770"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$466CA43E-6A32-4968-98DE-02AC2AAEFFFF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c5ad7b9baf8e531c6b1ad954eb5f2899cc8fe5e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":85344,"id":"Q85344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$BEE9B31B-A0FC-44DE-8469-C966C631A594","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4ef701349e285a0eddba11a6b970bab77304d0ee","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-08-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$B547FE9E-2C17-4044-A479-BAB17BFD14AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e44b03eb3eedd30de1488c776e5d13a352e0ad77","datavalue":{"value":"In this contribution the authors provide a solid mathematical theory to support the well-known popular choices for the set-theoretic extension of union and intersection to fuzzy sets such as the max-min, the probabilistic sum-product, and the bounded sum-bold intersection combination. The construction is based upon the theory of falling shadows that has been developed by one of the authors [\\textit{Wang Peizhuang}: Fuzzy sets and falling shadows of random sets (Chinese) (1985; Zbl 0589.94014)]. The interpretation of the concepts of ``cloud'' and ``falling shadow'' is not quite clear. Moreover it is not shown if the relation between probability theory and fuzzy set theory is just a formal one. Finally we want to point out that the transition from \\((\\Omega, {\\mathcal A}, P)\\) to \\(([0,1], {\\mathcal B}, m)\\) is done without any motivation or explanation. The idea to interpret a fuzzy set in terms of probability theory is promising, but the way it is executed in this paper is very poor and it leaves a lot of unanswered questions. The given proofs are almost trivial while the terminology used is not very precise.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$583C7A11-ADBF-4F3D-AC11-AF287CD81386","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c95e6877a25b67474eb0455293bdb4da0775fcbf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":174898,"id":"Q174898"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$22536822-E659-480F-9834-309BF59DCBA5","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d9038fbc6c9eb2d241eed759e44bf47d202533f7","datavalue":{"value":"03E72","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$71C28B12-B06D-48AD-8907-0F1C3EC647A6","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"dcb99da6708f616bdc0730d1b8ae028e45797ed0","datavalue":{"value":"269939","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$1245C88E-72D9-4CEE-B265-84DC0B2CE5CA","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6f1614dca7836f5403aadb7460665af0138d6218","datavalue":{"value":"fuzzy set operations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$76913C16-394A-4091-83EB-E2F2B1957185","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7d0120bc1c7a4f66f53c1ad0773b40823f6deb78","datavalue":{"value":"extension of union and intersection to fuzzy sets","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$93C960A0-896E-4D2D-AE37-1407647590B7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a8c4b2765c5154d6dbba2ff69abbed936baf0112","datavalue":{"value":"falling shadows","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$778B35DC-41C0-4E15-8648-23D91B28A90A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"73b4c65f1932723e758d611f0e45f29f11ae5669","datavalue":{"value":"probability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$70988F8E-D759-4CAD-B461-F0BBE4D41110","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$8387406F-0692-4704-9DBC-F3C453C55263","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"770dda8187f47602b12dd6fa2691cb5ad8d7b2af","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.1993.1114","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$502D1410-DEC1-4610-839C-00DBADC3E185","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"424af2f67cc038008b7b7105977c5cd194cacbfc","datavalue":{"value":"W2043779178","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$7112A614-CD0E-4347-9406-C684AADCB5AB","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7fa3cdb9b835743b62284fdacabfe78741246f17","datavalue":{"value":"10.1006/JMAA.1993.1114","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367838$3EF85D96-EED6-4721-8064-FE585FE217E7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75edcdbd39beb670e1b575de28f3380f93ac928e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3496960,"id":"Q3496960"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d75d20459b169206cfcd1e5eef53ece3e628be1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8234524","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$4311743C-C189-4262-8A24-634E1EB33532","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ea87f5f60866dabb39655fc427c56d9f6cd2730a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3789620,"id":"Q3789620"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cfd7dafb27d83ee48c1215de19a3558f2cc9703f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8106877","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$A73F6E80-5221-44DC-8E64-D99ADCB5D65F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"986c3f7c68822f7039f1c4668482e69939c90857","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4213585,"id":"Q4213585"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b8b25a79b5689f8328ef1fdae37b1e4c54f24733","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.81021786","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$7A7A7505-3894-42FA-B5A2-49FFF8680658","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0481fe3acefcb3d5c109d4895cf20f86c34cbf90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3325701,"id":"Q3325701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"16a2fcf6b732a85bf1752ecebd95bbb39609a6a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7972338","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$3E0F04E1-FC19-452A-9113-5BF9B80F6CFD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"96104b5015ea7853335164d4928fadf22e7491ac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3342380,"id":"Q3342380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea86321410d0c4d864aeaa59ac353f7e0cbcd080","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.796273","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$74DF6B1D-CD17-4131-A415-0BFED19D30C5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1fe5375b0aec53a8c4540a7830267a3c156d08ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3787934,"id":"Q3787934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6ed0943c46884c8b2396fc86fe00b415e1456f2c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79359627","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$C84C0694-A6A8-4101-8770-CEF12BE0A1F1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bc6d87664c42b29fae7aeeca093beabd6f372377","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1369182,"id":"Q1369182"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9dbff61608a59aa184296fb757ac9e99ff8edea3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79245275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$2D3FA585-4767-47B5-B13E-5721854AE45C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9198b9c2f19ecd7b8a59a4c47b620d51cae6ce77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1920357,"id":"Q1920357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ca746e8f5db15d38d4c15ac865452018dd379569","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78973806","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$FD55273E-4356-4B85-90FD-E18F2747A419","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"84786f6f42f65a03f72c4367279ddf68ed7e66bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2506104,"id":"Q2506104"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1affbaa31300a47ab7bb225d19dfed64ac9290b6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78405726","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$CFD4A55D-9C4D-4D45-A211-A835571293E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8c6c54619c297140eab0e68f130e58a5383ecf62","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1678443,"id":"Q1678443"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0373454235d1d9b4886a6656ae459734980b25b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78249264","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367838$433038BA-73C9-46F3-B3BB-800C380A19FF","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2367838","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2367838"}}}}}