{"entities":{"Q2367986":{"pageid":2378729,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2367986","lastrevid":46296696,"modified":"2025-12-24T12:38:59Z","type":"item","id":"Q2367986","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The irregularity cost or sum of a graph"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 270158"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$C473109E-3323-44B1-A8F1-F47B412428A1","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"72ef604872ab5a7fb552b12306c3a26fb934565a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The irregularity cost or sum of a graph","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$45FCB22C-5C54-4EF3-8174-B0088F223563","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"5009f90f39ba1b61917e8dd92828ee47a2e521e9","datavalue":{"value":"0780.05052","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$B25E9A7C-71BE-4ED9-B41B-CC5D131192BD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"6ebbba026845c9096e5e255727440382aed2dddb","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0893-9659(93)90039-P","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$B23526D2-BDD9-4C99-ACA4-2FCF32D8F7DB","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"06d35deff844ad14009ec831196ab8a1bd18feeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":293362,"id":"Q293362"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$0118A90F-8409-4A8A-AEDC-91AD756B6BDC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3cb08b9888d4594b9506754577c43eb23e5f2820","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":185068,"id":"Q185068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$4784FCE6-7521-4AB3-ADFC-9184533B29D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3bac79155b1ad31324aed87dd39dccc9421b4418","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":503642,"id":"Q503642"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$41127CD0-A8C5-4351-9348-C30DF82333CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"43692713305403649e6f322290b059dd9ed09619","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":503643,"id":"Q503643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$5D5202C4-BD36-47BD-8198-0596E37916A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f35420b14e006c4a26de46d6172502a88cc18a63","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233441,"id":"Q233441"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$AA7C85FA-5378-4CE5-BF51-3F6D0369439A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"60e92c9f06012150d8158f8bfafc8319965c5fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":176247,"id":"Q176247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$F9330E70-E27D-4B3C-9A71-5206D1421213","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d96a8aea0f52fe490d50c3d086b13da6b1f943c3","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-08-19T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$39D5003B-F9B0-47DF-8F61-42777D41723F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"91f744156a346235c8b92efbaa06f86df14a82f2","datavalue":{"value":"A multigraph is called irregular if no two of its vertices have the same degree. It is well known that no graph is irregular. However, if \\(G\\) is a graph having at most one isolated vertex and no component isomorphic to \\(K_ 2\\) then there is an irregular multigraph \\(H\\) containing \\(G\\) as its underlying graph. In \\textit{F. Harary} and \\textit{O. R. Oellermann} [The irregularity cost of a graph, to appear], the irregularity cost \\(\\text{ic}(G)\\) of a graph \\(G\\) was defined to be the minimum number of edges that must be added to \\(G\\) to obtain an irregular multigraph (having \\(G\\) as its underlying graph). Independently, in [\\textit{M. S. Jacobson}, \\textit{E. Kubicka} and \\textit{G. Kubicki}] the irregularity sum \\(s(G)\\) was defined to be twice the minimum number of edges in a multigraph having \\(G\\) as its underlying graph. (The definition of irregularity sum given in this paper is in error due to an apparent typo.) Then clearly, \\(s(G)=2(\\text{ic}(G)+| E(G)|)\\). Thus essentially the same concept was discovered independently. Furthermore, there are many common results in the two aforementioned papers. In this paper, many of the common results are presented without proof. Each team will publish their full papers separately.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$4B5F1146-6F99-4C17-95E4-6303D2B7315B","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e35cfda1c439de499de525a8a9009114d934bb37","datavalue":{"value":"05C99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$D831A328-8030-44B5-B463-EC46FFB9C1D0","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"65e061866767bf6d41078090fdefe27040e88653","datavalue":{"value":"270158","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$E3207DC2-705F-4C6B-A19E-9202CC6BD06B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c63ed68c84c5d9a171bdce4e72fd488f171cd5a7","datavalue":{"value":"irregular multigraph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$9222E6B9-F1B8-4B45-A20F-45E2CAAE6250","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"c373609087678f84cf49ac586680a31002124e72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":267204,"id":"Q267204"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$4D0B2E18-52FF-469F-83F5-BFCE31955490","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$95A2D748-797A-4A07-916D-8517A663C7F8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b8d40fde5196993fe54d14a9063d070ac45d2429","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1388975,"id":"Q1388975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$AC27A8EF-A590-4EBB-BE7B-A69B9FBE9D3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f8614931d548fcb2b514cfaaf34ad12b7e813953","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4943528,"id":"Q4943528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$3DBFD6A7-4256-431E-8A18-0E3D74697067","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5da3b54f7ef8a2117279ae6dffad9f5ec74f16a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3818315,"id":"Q3818315"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$C38D3FA7-84B3-43F3-BC2B-876F132ED8BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"751bb518407806a0775e238de3cb997abdfa1f23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1324287,"id":"Q1324287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$19CA4E2A-EA97-40C2-A132-6DE391E5531B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c077f2d5cd16af725f9d305facd139f2ff73cb4b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3824455,"id":"Q3824455"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$329F5766-B0BA-44DF-84CC-00ACC038534E","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"418bad084b354c59516d6cb52c7cf15be6e6d935","datavalue":{"value":"Q127125930","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$F34B565C-933B-42A9-A534-0207164682CD","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6fe8602e3a767ae89cfbf732b43643711b5c2fcf","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(93)90039-p","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$904FC867-0851-4FC6-BD05-FBD0DE266FFA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a5a64901c768ca02c84bd828f39775f500033dca","datavalue":{"value":"W2093909299","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2367986$06806B8F-4DC6-4223-BFEE-4A1FD265DAAE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d9e99a13bd749372da73d3371011c923fcbe5649","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1388975,"id":"Q1388975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"56692ef4623217c18daf87a38129b69aba13f1c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8972545266151428","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367986$6C5A295E-38DA-4532-A5ED-FA54AC5C2AE9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9a5c5fbb9ac606f936d1a3520bb0e8e6d8ce2d9e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5403614,"id":"Q5403614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8a60ddfecb43d2f1b4e193edaac5d6cae4fb7144","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8249222636222839","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367986$9BB397B9-95D6-46D9-8C1C-3269126A06D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"414e4a3c0a1fdafb3b72168567677c84b97e8591","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4940053,"id":"Q4940053"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5c6ff0ac5dcb88e7145c728c83bbabf5550a2beb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8059735894203186","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367986$6E799A4F-BF09-4C9A-848E-5548C6CC38B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"14f3d5ef31017a0dbd23724f4b75abf219b7c5a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5050772,"id":"Q5050772"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9b4887bffb26d879f70dce6860d644961492690c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8046175241470337","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2367986$5196E396-7F22-4D6F-A2AC-81B114463402","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2367986","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2367986"}}}}}