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The main results are concerned with congruences involving number of rational points on a mirror pair of Calabi--Yau varieties.   Let \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\) denote the finite field of \\(q\\) elements of characteristic \\(p\\), and let \\(W=W({\\mathbb{F}}_q)\\) be the ring of Witt vectors of \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\).  Theorem 1. Let \\(X_0\\) be a smooth projective variety defined over \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\). Suppose that \\(X_0\\) has a smooth projective lifting \\(X\\) to \\(W\\) such that the \\(W\\)-modules \\(H^r(X,\\Omega^s_{X/W})\\) are free. Let \\(G\\) be a finite group of \\(W\\)-automorphisms acting on \\(X\\) from right. Suppose \\(G\\) acts trivially on \\(H^i(X,{\\mathcal{O}}_X)\\) for all \\(i\\). Then for any natural number \\(k\\), we have the congruence between the number of rational points on \\(X_0\\) and \\(X_0/G\\) over \\({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k}\\):  \\[ \\#X_0({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\equiv \\#(X_0/G)({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\pmod{q^k} \\]  Now apply Theorem 1 to a mirror pair of Calabi-Yau varieties.  Theorem 2. Let \\(X_0\\) be a geometrically connected Calabi--Yau variety of dimension \\(n\\) and let \\(X\\) be its lifting to \\(W\\) satisfying the condition of Theorem 1. Let \\(G\\) be a finite group of \\(W\\)-automorphisms of \\(X\\). Assume that \\(G\\) fixes a non-zero \\(n\\)-form on \\(X\\). Then for every natural number \\(k\\), we have the congruence  \\[ \\#X_0(\\mathbb{F}_{q^k})\\equiv\\#(X_0/G)(\\mathbb{F}_{q^k})\\pmod{q^k}. \\]  Example. Of particular interest is the Calabi-Yau variety defined by the Dwork family  \\[ x_0^{n+1}+\\cdots+x_n^{n+1}+\\lambda \\prod_{i=0}^n x_i=0\\subset {\\mathbb{P}}^n_{{\\mathbb{F}}_q}\\quad{\\text{where}}\\quad\\lambda\\in{\\mathbb{F}}_q. \\]  Let  \\[ G=\\{(\\zeta_0,\\cdots,\\zeta_n)\\,|\\, \\zeta_i\\in{\\mathbb{F}}_q,\\, \\zeta_i^{n+1}=1,\\,\\prod_{i=0^n}\\zeta_i=1\\}. \\]  Consider the action \\(G\\times X_0\\to X_0\\) defined by  \\[ (\\zeta_0,\\cdots,\\zeta_n)\\times [x_0:\\cdots:x_n]\\mapsto [\\zeta_0x_0:\\cdots:\\zeta_nx_n]. \\]  Then \\(X_0\\) and \\(X_0/G\\) form a mirror pair, and for any natural number \\(k\\), we have the congruence  \\[ \\#X_0({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\equiv \\#(X_0/G)({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\pmod{q^k}. \\]  Now let \\(X\\) be a smooth projective Calabi-Yau variety and \\(Y\\) be a smooth crepant resolution of \\(X/G\\) which is again a Calabi-Yau variety. Then arithmetic mirror symmetry conjecture for a mirror pair \\((X,Y)\\) of Calabi-Yau varieties may be reduced to establishing the congruence  \\[ \\#(X/G){\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\equiv \\#Y({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\pmod{q^k} \\]  for every natural number \\(k\\).   Further information about the number of rational points is obtained for geometrically connected varieties with the property \\(H^i(X,{\\mathcal{O}}_X)=0\\) for all \\(i\\neq 0\\).  Theorem 3. Let \\(X_0\\) be a smooth geometrically connected projective variety over \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\). Suppose that \\(H^i(X_0,{\\mathcal{O}}_{X_0})=0\\) for all \\(i\\neq 0\\). Then for any natural number \\(k\\),  \\[ \\#X_0({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\equiv 1\\pmod{q^k}. \\]  If \\(G\\) is a finite group of \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\)-automorphisms on \\(X_0\\). Then for any natural number \\(k\\),  \\[ \\#(X_0/G)({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\equiv \\#X_0({\\mathbb{F}}_{q^k})\\pmod{q^k}. \\]  The liftability condition in Theorem 1 is crucial. However, if the order of \\(G\\) is not divisible by the characteristic \\(p\\), this condition may be dropped.  The proofs follow from establishing congruences for traces of \\(F^k\\) and \\(gF^k\\) on crystalline cohomology groups of \\(X_0/W\\). Here \\(F\\) is the Frobenius correspondence and \\(g: X_0\\to X_0\\) is an \\({\\mathbb{F}}_q\\)-automorphism of finite 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