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Given a rearrangement invariant Banach function space \\(E\\) -- also called symmetric Banach function space --, the notion of the fundamental function can be defined as follows. If \\(e\\) is a measurable subset of \\([0,\\infty]\\), \\(\\varphi_E(t)\\) for \\(t \\in [0,\\infty)\\) is defined as  \\[  \\varphi_E(t)=\\| k_e\\|_E, \\quad t= \\mathrm{measure}(e),  \\]  where \\(k_e\\) is the characteristic function of \\(e\\). In this paper, it is shown that for a particular set of easy fundamental functions, the value of \\(\\varphi_E\\) determines the space \\(E\\), giving a complete characterization for the cases \\(\\varphi_1(t)=t\\), \\(\\varphi_2(t)=\\mathrm{sgn}(t)\\), \\(\\varphi_3(t)=\\max\\{t, \\mathrm{sgn}(t)\\}\\) and \\(\\varphi_4(t):=\\min\\{t,1\\}\\). Let \\(E_a\\) be the closure of the bounded compactly supported functions in \\(E\\). Concretely, Theorem 1 states (isometrically) that  (i) if \\(\\varphi_E=\\varphi_1\\), then \\(E=L_1\\),  (ii) if \\(\\varphi_E=\\varphi_2\\), then \\(E=L_1\\) or \\(E=(L_\\infty)_a\\),  (iii) if \\(\\varphi_E=\\varphi_3\\), then \\(E=L_1 \\cap L_\\infty\\), and  (iv) if \\(\\varphi_E=\\varphi_4\\), then \\(E=L_1+L_\\infty\\) or \\(E=(L_1 \\cap L_\\infty)_a\\).  Theorem 2 gives a more abstract version of such a result. Let \\(\\mathcal R\\) be the class of symmetric spaces which can be represented as \\(E=E_1 \\cap E_2\\), where \\(E_1\\) and \\(E_2\\) are symmetric spaces and \\(E \\subsetneqq E_1, E_2\\), and \\(\\mathcal M\\) the set of symmetric spaces which can be represented in the form \\(E=E_1 + E_2\\), where \\(E_1\\) and \\(E_2\\) are symmetric spaces and \\(E_1, E_2 \\subsetneqq E\\). Theorem 2 states that for a symmetric space \\(E\\) different from \\(L_1,L_\\infty, (L_\\infty)_a, L_1 \\cap L_\\infty, L_1 + L_\\infty\\), and \\((L_1 + L_\\infty)_a\\) we have that \\(E \\in \\mathcal R \\cap \\mathcal M\\), i.e., there exist symmetric spaces \\(E_1,E_2,E_3\\) and \\(E_4\\) such that \\(E= E_1 \\cap E_2=E_3 + E_4\\), where \\(E \\subsetneqq E_1, E_2\\) and \\(E_3, E_4 \\subsetneqq E\\).  More results are given for the particular cases of \\(E\\) being reflexive or uniformly convex (Theorem 3), or when \\(E\\) has a symmetric basis and is different from \\(\\ell_1, \\ell_\\infty\\) and \\(c_0\\) (Theorem 4). 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