{"entities":{"Q2378222":{"pageid":2388965,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2378222","lastrevid":50533757,"modified":"2026-01-14T07:53:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q2378222","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The strict Waring problem for polynomial rings"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5486357"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$AFDA33CA-B560-45CE-B787-50CE23BF0AF5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"554a996baf4ac8c257db7c88b31bd491cea589c9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The strict Waring problem for polynomial rings","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$EAD5CF71-3C3F-47F8-A855-76B189E6C593","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"26eb8d02de1db48842027f018d7235aca53a7488","datavalue":{"value":"1220.11151","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$C8873641-5822-4426-8F69-EEAEAB418307","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e6cac328d206d9ef9b7afb3fb4ca5d1d204199af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167107,"id":"Q167107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$1A647A59-BDF3-421C-9A01-5F486BB2FE2F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d55a0bf8b3b64224045ad841b57d4f9669a829de","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2009-01-07T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$C3B2F327-63DD-4821-9487-E80E141CE068","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"025020d11e4b7190c9aa43af5f3a89b0eec06bf6","datavalue":{"value":"For any ring \\(A\\) and any integer \\(k\\geq 1\\), let \\(A_k\\subset A\\) be the set of all sums of \\(k\\)-th powers in \\(A\\). For any \\(a\\in A_k\\), let \\(w_k(a,A)\\) be the least \\(s\\) such that \\(a\\) is the sum of \\(s\\) \\(k\\)-th powers. Let \\(w_k(A)\\) be the supremum of \\(w_k(a,A)\\) where \\(a\\) ranges over \\(A_k\\). Let \\(k\\geq 2\\), \\(F\\) a field such that \\(-1\\in F_k\\) and \\(k\\neq 0\\) in \\(F\\). The authors prove: if \\(\\text{char}(F)=0 \\), then  \\[ w_k(F)\\leq w_k(F[t])\\leq\\frac{k^2(k-1)(w_k(-1,F)+1)}{4}; \\]  if \\(\\text{char}(F)\\neq 0\\), then  \\[ w_k(F)\\leq \\frac{k^2(k-1)}{2} \\]  and  \\[ w_k(F[t])\\leq k+1+\\frac{k^2(k-1)}{2}; \\]  if \\(\\text{char}(F)=p\\neq 0 \\) then  \\[ w_k(F)\\leq p(p-1)^2k(\\log_p(k)+3) \\]  and  \\[ w_k(F[t])\\leq k+1+p(p-1)^2k(\\log_p(k)+3); \\]  every polynomial in \\(F[t]\\) which is a strict sum of \\(k\\)-th powers is the strict sum of at most \\(k^6\\) \\(k\\)-th powers; every polynomial in \\(F[t]_k\\) of degree \\(\\geq k^5-1\\) is the strict sum of at most \\(\\frac{k^3}{2}\\) \\(k\\)-th powers. Assume that \\({F^*}^k\\cap F_k\\) has a finite index \\(K\\) in \\((F_k)^*\\). Then  \\[ w_k(F)\\leq K; \\]  if \\(F\\) is infinite, then  \\[ F_k=F,w_k(F)\\leq 1+w_k(-1,F)  \\]  and  \\[ F[t]_k=F[t], w_k(F[t])\\leq\\frac{k(K+1)}{2}. \\]  Assume that \\(\\text{card}(F_k)\\geq k\\). Then:  \\[  w_k(F[t])\\leq w_k(F) (k-1)+1; \\]  every polynomial \\(a\\in F[t] \\) of degree \\(D\\geq k^4-k^2-k+1\\) is the strict sum of at most \\(k(w_k(F)+\\ln(k+1))+1\\) \\(k\\)-th powers; every polynomial \\(a\\in F[t] \\) of degree \\(D\\geq k^3-2k^2-k+1\\) is the strict sum of at most \\(k(w_k(F)+3\\ln(k))+2\\) \\(k\\)-th powers; every polynomial \\(a\\in F[t] \\) which is the strict sum of \\(k\\)-th powers is the strict sum of \\((k^3-2k^2-k+1)w_k(F)\\) \\(k\\)-th powers.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$AED93538-D5F4-4B27-A1F5-85B3F1A54225","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"673232f43112473145a334497c1a94b085310abc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":290031,"id":"Q290031"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$50A34052-F7F9-44A6-A169-16C7F7A98466","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8478adcfdb0e29037633578ba7f4fe0ec460df6a","datavalue":{"value":"11T55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$5F2C6AE3-813F-49EB-A270-695968C6E306","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"816ba99b1575fe6458389ce888aed03c3b005b20","datavalue":{"value":"11D85","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$DEB269B2-E153-4A73-88C6-EA4EEB99B934","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6daec8f0f62a45b7531075ba9a9659a070a97496","datavalue":{"value":"11P05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$33F7B988-63AB-4F32-808E-5DB1DE0335D3","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"eb4f1f1307bc1119d5c2ce74b754a3cf8c987819","datavalue":{"value":"5486357","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$478365B4-9A7D-45A8-955C-661C0C3151EC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e0b82faff1bb2c77a574a270c9b7368fe9229de6","datavalue":{"value":"Waring problem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$C79C4C33-AE70-4ED1-B52E-2394C649B9A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0e6ab94e96dc0af40d67e25949b534aa75ef611b","datavalue":{"value":"polynomial rings","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$9EAE0594-17B6-4027-AB2A-3E7BDBDECBF5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"87bc5515f59e95ea1a523c28cf024b7ec2300aea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":276212,"id":"Q276212"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$CEA132D6-DC96-4DF3-B8D9-0AB0B30FD84B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"55a1d7810f1d93d449ed37003a7223c885c7711d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":914839,"id":"Q914839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$6849BD2D-BDA9-43D2-991C-19CB652D2007","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$A0A78FF7-22A1-467C-BFA4-6B0AB6B9AE07","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0715447ade5b792135f02018eb16667aeb60ca73","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2008.07.009","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$47DD3A51-BF1F-4EFD-BBBD-708E469F336D","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"84c749962f65ed78ba2147b93e7ea53351926340","datavalue":{"value":"W2032952274","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$417E862C-C4AB-45C4-AF03-694C7D3420BD","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"84dfada4653088ea22e6eb908e66a72e166465fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4027777,"id":"Q4027777"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$0C424C49-4E06-41AC-AB76-91B23C4B0129","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"af2a1d9bb7591fee99aac9e3aa4e5969d268c5f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5625293,"id":"Q5625293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$A07DAB95-8902-4781-ABD5-2BFC25781AE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d74e44a6c6ec6b3b2c7a900e40dd817a372c1d29","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4767042,"id":"Q4767042"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$DAA8DFC6-15B9-4AB0-8B31-AE546F22DB3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"40b20ed358e8e4be8ced7c102e8d439fa03f38bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4811213,"id":"Q4811213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$7E2475BE-1932-4339-B80A-21ACEDAC1FA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e1267e7a5e18be4468761741377a47283d8441b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2647568,"id":"Q2647568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$41C43EB8-8D45-4E9C-BA5D-016212452380","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"293f4792e10db95cf4050d1e6a8dc01b72107d00","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4001344,"id":"Q4001344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$850270F0-BED7-4AB9-9BB9-4FD7F1F22FAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"43b4081e9e9c1cd03a81be8089c247bed49b83e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1430424,"id":"Q1430424"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$F620DEB3-3039-4173-B3E3-C5F70DF44433","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"92dfc8cdb165783e6726006f9e736b54fa57673e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2501396,"id":"Q2501396"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$F0409BEB-F912-4FA5-9C9C-0E40B2FED854","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"91fe69d34933e3462f8c9479b81c2be2594e00cb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4052231,"id":"Q4052231"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$2FEE7274-0F23-4719-8476-DBB21DB5E07E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a263dd123ff44848a59e1ceef0eff0c0f8cfe150","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4752121,"id":"Q4752121"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$EA9D7EA8-F4BE-4395-AF0A-BCEEF94A7141","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f96d71776de1ecedb8365c1089f2fc11bc267264","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5645344,"id":"Q5645344"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$F0AC8381-D5C4-4BC9-96FE-321A4AEA32F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6f18ef14c7aa0cfd44e152a6771e37d595b7e7eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1092106,"id":"Q1092106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$4EBC2980-F65B-4004-990E-2054E988C74C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"687a07d1e6772b18419ad18f7bace16210f8c466","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3495418,"id":"Q3495418"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$9347482D-7995-4190-9481-3C3945C40917","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"74d5af99d0c6a22ee936f2faf63f2faa5cddfe03","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3134974,"id":"Q3134974"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$E809CB78-AC53-4C40-A3ED-FDA34D522977","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c5e7b2945012bafded1824b31451c0a84e7262a4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5672720,"id":"Q5672720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$500A8194-A768-4DED-9F28-1E99D386EBD3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f665d289d22d120e66e08955141a786455e62703","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5669397,"id":"Q5669397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$7C267208-80FD-4C22-A118-4CD90C7603A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"be27ac4d38efd36cab2099f47e12db1c6aeb62aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5790661,"id":"Q5790661"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$850D751F-66B2-4225-93D4-9E5004BB69B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4716ca1ef9de76080780973b52672aaad9b4d6b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1190611,"id":"Q1190611"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$58D07CB3-8892-42C8-8512-E4A1957149C4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"7f6c709b7fec1c5fb996266b1678af9b8a859a55","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JNT.2008.07.009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2378222$ACDECB4E-8614-4460-A6B9-FC8CF4E7C8B1","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0a933b3865d1dc4fed8e6a78fee90d13c3f4ed55","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1092106,"id":"Q1092106"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a4c9fada23e2c9785c675739aeb718a93bbf2106","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8715628981590271","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2378222$128FF396-C743-4C02-8E51-DA39C2D71C42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"47fb8b1397e626efcc66563005da96e493f93bfb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4910770,"id":"Q4910770"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6379b643ab7a418adf754fdd18e7fc2a3294b135","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8680814504623413","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2378222$6BF8DF59-1E53-42A4-B2DA-4CA1ECB35BD9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4009e2b313b1bb3189d81483262762b9691c2ddc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3404378,"id":"Q3404378"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4de26263b0f24e60e29bb50beddb8728f3a0c0fd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8674089312553406","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2378222$DDB1DA4B-13C3-41D5-95CA-73E22460810B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"50cb62d23c40c746aa43f480d5b7df5310ad61ec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2839286,"id":"Q2839286"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"374b3fd2ebbe5cc5f36f075edc3206ae5cfd36d5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8640702962875366","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2378222$A76FDF3B-5B0B-4E74-9DC3-A39FF90811C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"552c25d7be2d857f6dc9690d0fca193e8345936b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4010501,"id":"Q4010501"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"41822ed620c472a6fbb51b403f4ce64030fe5434","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8579800724983215","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2378222$E63B6DD9-F5A5-41D1-BECB-955EE74FEE00","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2378222","badges":[]}}}}}