{"entities":{"Q2390502":{"pageid":2401245,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2390502","lastrevid":50723045,"modified":"2026-01-14T22:46:16Z","type":"item","id":"Q2390502","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Topological sums and products in \\textbf{ZF}-set theory"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5585270"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$B1AC44AE-CD7A-4657-8DF7-38B860033627","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"f97ad4bf8f4387254b2b606b7fedf52eb952d835","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Topological sums and products in \\textbf{ZF}-set theory","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$220ED204-F520-4E98-86B8-442A80460A1C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4145efd4e645c2d1432224278b345b99d9cddd45","datavalue":{"value":"1173.54004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$30BC813C-0A44-45E6-9234-AB20A0A967CD","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d1f39bedae0e7369f9d5cc8765ebf8ffd5c29da1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":234494,"id":"Q234494"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$38070161-666D-4E05-A09A-6C493F297A2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6273540151de6b50478b0223910a58dad6446825","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":306169,"id":"Q306169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$5C46DDD5-E61C-47CF-855A-D66A24464734","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"caed9871dffabe010c529575fe8b7c33d0847d94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161372,"id":"Q161372"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$F65E0A41-14F6-48A2-A8B5-57AFFF492CDD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"aa5175cfbf455de09775e77fbc8884c835bf57d4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2009-07-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$53AF551A-81F4-4591-95D4-70514E9F1B3C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"e015380dd41bd7e2c74f198fca8b4b1fe262fb4a","datavalue":{"value":"The authors show that while ordinary Zermelo-Fr\u00e4nkel set theory (\\textbf{ZF}) is enough to define products (Tychonoff products) and coproducts (disjoint unions) in the category \\textbf{Top} of topological spaces and continuous maps, it is the Axiom of Choice (\\textbf{AC}) that makes these basic operations abstract.  To make this statement more precise, suppose \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) is a class of topological spaces, closed under homeomorphic copies. \\(\\mathbf{Prod}(\\mathcal{C})\\) (resp., \\(\\mathbf{Sum}(\\mathcal{C})\\)) is the assertion that whenever \\(\\langle X_i:i\\in I\\rangle\\) and \\(\\langle Y_i:i\\in I\\rangle\\) are indexed families of spaces from \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) such that each \\(X_i\\) is homeomorphic to its corresponding \\(Y_i\\), then the respective products (resp., coproducts) are homeomorphic. The following are the main results of the paper, all proved in \\textbf{ZF}:  {\\parindent6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(1)] \\textbf{AC} is equivalent to \\(\\mathbf{Prod}(\\mathcal{C})\\), where \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) is any of the following classes of spaces: discrete, metrizable, uniformizable, compact Hausdorff.  \\item[(2)] \\textbf{AC}, restricted to countable families, is equivalent to \\(\\mathbf{Prod}\\), restricted to countable families of compact Hausdorff spaces.  \\item[(3)] \\textbf{AC} is equivalent to \\(\\mathbf{Sum}(\\mathcal{C})\\), where \\(\\mathcal{C}\\) is either the class of metrizable spaces or the class of compact Hausdorff spaces.  \\end{itemize}}","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$5B7FAF2D-8C8C-407F-B3A3-52F910619E07","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ad60e086a74fc61d4b1f57698734d6ee2f246da9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":306127,"id":"Q306127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$3FDCF457-ADDC-48CD-8821-B68718DB9B18","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da6bb9e4e82c31800f6eb5c65d9d41d5a31cc52a","datavalue":{"value":"54B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$5F5EB0C2-80EC-4CAB-947B-498C2A4C4280","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"2f1459d5951e049c51abbc0d85c8bd47bc411fa9","datavalue":{"value":"03E25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$6E46040F-30E3-45B8-8746-B65BEE34909C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9de122ab855f9ddfed11049bff6760e78c7b0fb5","datavalue":{"value":"18B30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$36C3A9CF-433C-4ECB-87B1-D03CAF901092","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5f70b59279cc975ff13b3fcc96c409898d99acf5","datavalue":{"value":"54B10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$C8510F67-2121-4C3F-8FE0-9971DB45CA25","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"2c85927907503295bb01bcb9643419c9aa11c196","datavalue":{"value":"5585270","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$56F20044-9A09-41AD-AEC6-501A716B23BE","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cd12956df3bb29181af2c38ee6da9b42967012c9","datavalue":{"value":"products","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$CEA83B0E-B9C9-4F7A-A313-02B35BF8093A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9b7f6289eb34bfeb3c73a0f8f4edb8611b380225","datavalue":{"value":"sums","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$363D3ABE-FB97-4FC6-93E9-DB045CCEFA4A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0836092e1fe2f2c9bcc68cbbaa259608b2f6de67","datavalue":{"value":"axiom of choice","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$BC7EE6F0-9B91-4530-BADD-9FBBB23E2CC8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"cd0367c50fa813e8df85df5b9ddcf397ddfcab66","datavalue":{"value":"compact","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$7994295E-0AA6-4F74-A789-C2CEF1D88A9F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2d278d91d33134d454caac0cb9b809519edd50f5","datavalue":{"value":"Baire space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$7E25BBA3-2381-42CC-9141-1B6D6D307133","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$72FD7BC7-F252-4FDA-AC8F-6986DD8FFBC9","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"71759c48d1ef93cfb8847fe1697ef9bd7dbb1cc5","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2009.03.024","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$E447F2F6-9368-46D2-8AF7-39A8D1262C8E","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"cbcbfeb46d28b69f61513ae6ae3fd9af5752bced","datavalue":{"value":"W1980487137","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$EA6D2A64-DDFA-472D-818D-EB7B1B29C48A","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e0439a269860c3017c0316122e6f5f9ab8270928","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1612232,"id":"Q1612232"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$7705D1B7-19A7-4F56-8AB3-C4985A3BBC4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b27b9059987a3801ff4b6ae2c3b2119c3b329f18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4353276,"id":"Q4353276"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$66998BDC-F18E-440B-8AA0-08FFCF4739C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4176451ee44d39446ffa5830aced434ca0f2af08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5920586,"id":"Q5920586"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$7F6CEDE3-BE85-4407-B490-E4CC598CF25C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"985a38bca78db573fa77d78033118b96424188e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4521127,"id":"Q4521127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$2176A267-55CC-4185-84D9-2ABBA81CD603","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6084574919df1fabb6811a7478d7ce895596b0c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4210469,"id":"Q4210469"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$20910E03-B99F-4CC2-9368-F2A102043D18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2ef30cb700f3be48643d81b32f732a1c84a5de1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5798887,"id":"Q5798887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$8227D40F-6269-4E7E-A8BE-B9E237A48E19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f990a61f3553dd5afcd8da02e2929278c58bd551","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4210839,"id":"Q4210839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$F0E00CC6-342A-42A9-B0CF-C46307FA3999","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2966e7e48dc174ef93cb248bc7d2549f5de2f7c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1141646,"id":"Q1141646"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$639AF675-E064-433C-9674-343CC1CA6E57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"25ed0aba0d60767d631357c0b759662a51436044","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1115430,"id":"Q1115430"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$C87EBF76-9807-4FD1-BD14-C7F0FD62EEDC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d0c9228f67423c852a28cfb245cd69fb05b5c795","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5642568,"id":"Q5642568"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$70815342-1D01-4273-83B4-1323D452A2CD","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"55973139c526aaa592563691a465d46053857b25","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.TOPOL.2009.03.024","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2390502$4114AEAE-AFFE-41DC-84BE-371C5C608780","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ada52a2ba6e278aca42f70905aa0d510882179c8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3159407,"id":"Q3159407"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"86ce92df9ff0ca8616362af94b00a2b53939562b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8221927285194397","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2390502$456DE9D5-16B6-4414-A01F-DE7D1F4C8F92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"371dad19c744234b31c39f6e6d0b9311fca6f21c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1407509,"id":"Q1407509"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"cde88f7b89e95775c17e735bf851cac2ecf73cef","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8190725445747375","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2390502$39F1AA62-41BE-484F-886D-62F4E6E25DFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"000795344216523ef23cb78d0cef2515d7f0a6a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5938998,"id":"Q5938998"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8df95c0df3131f3ea4a21ce108ec25c0b7759ada","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8164513111114502","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2390502$D52E5F35-365A-4B59-A66D-6FB5C877C937","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"19edc8ef805f22a42ed75a4e55802f17d66f023b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4824889,"id":"Q4824889"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d6c6d4335f93ff004dae2fb64a1c8f81fab9695","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8093268871307373","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2390502$9A4ECD71-CA78-477D-852E-A435B6F9614F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7674fd5f7f020953edca7982c93cc463398877b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4521127,"id":"Q4521127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c3b288371b9a2e6190a9642d5e930d781d955b5e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8066079020500183","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2390502$2AEC2ABD-078A-43DF-B774-7B809810969D","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2390502","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2390502"}}}}}