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Let \\(S(X) \\subseteq \\mathbb {P}^N\\) be the secant variety of \\(X\\) and let \\(X^\\ast \\subset \\mathbb {P}^{N\\ast}\\) be the dual variety of \\(X\\). Set \\(n^\\ast := \\dim X^\\ast \\), \\(s:= \\dim S(X)\\) and \\(c:= N-s\\). First the author using the connectedness theorem of [\\textit{W. Fulton} and \\textit{J. Hansen}, Ann. Math. (2) 110, 159--166 (1979; Zbl 0389.14002)] gives the following reformulation of Zak's theorem of tangency (formally stronger than the original one when \\(S(X) \\neq \\mathbb {P}^N\\)) [\\textit{F. L. Zak}, Tangents and secants of algebraic varieties. Translations of mathematical monographs, Vol. 127. Providence, RH: American Mathematical Society (1993; Zbl 0795.14018)] he proves the following result:  \\quad Let \\(L\\subset \\mathbb {P}^N\\) be a linear subspace of dimension \\(m\\) tangent to \\(X\\) along a closed subvariety of dimension \\(r\\). Then \\( r \\leq \\min \\{m-n,s-1-n\\}\\).  The author shows that his reformulation has very strong consequences for the classification theory of almost extremal varieties. Using also [\\textit{L. Ein}, Duke Math. J. 52, 895--907 (1985; Zbl 0603.14026)] and [\\textit{P. Ionescu} and \\textit{F. Russo}, Am. J. Math. 135, No. 2, 349--360 (2013; Zbl 1271.14055)] he proves the following results:  \\quad (1) The twisted normal bundle is \\((s-1-n)\\)-ample.  \\quad (2) \\(n^\\ast \\geq n+c\\); if \\(c>0\\), then \\(X^\\ast\\) is singular.  \\quad (3) If \\(s\\leq 2n-1\\) (resp. \\(s\\leq 2n-2\\)), then every hyperplane section of \\(X\\) is reduced (resp. normal).  \\quad (4) If \\(c>0\\), then \\(n^\\ast \\geq n+c+1\\) with equality if and only if \\(X\\) is either a curve or \\(N=5\\) and \\(X\\) is a Veronese surface.  \\quad (5) Assume \\(n\\geq 4\\) and \\(c>0\\). We have \\(n^\\ast =n+c+2\\) if and only if either \\(X\\) is a scroll over a curve or an isomorphic projection of the Segre embedding \\(\\mathbb {P}^2\\times \\mathbb {P}^{n-2} \\subset \\mathbb {P}^{3n-4}\\).  \\quad (6) Assume that \\(X\\) is a scroll over a surface, \\(c>0\\), and \\(2n+1-s =2\\). 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