{"entities":{"Q2393440":{"pageid":2404183,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2393440","lastrevid":51794843,"modified":"2026-01-20T02:03:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q2393440","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Non-commuting pairs of symmetries of Riemann surfaces"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6196467"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$0D37E01A-2FA5-46A7-9C4A-56ED0821D7A5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"ac7126b89de63c8349b13099b4c384039b42c2b6","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Non-commuting pairs of symmetries of Riemann surfaces","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$C04B8FA6-B852-4221-8215-44D08155D967","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a3853aec58fd451d18127259233af3d97bb247d6","datavalue":{"value":"1282.30026","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$8CCD47C1-2844-4D56-9781-50F47ECE9250","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"79494f9b8a2a8aa27fb8c506828c6ec343286cd7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1216/RMJ-2013-43-3-989","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$0FA99128-8943-425A-9760-8EB3816852C2","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"03d984b736435b60960639a183a794f3e25df744","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":351752,"id":"Q351752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$909D165C-3CB4-44A6-BB84-03E032F7CD20","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3c56016573ce7bfe3075a77ec18be101169a3439","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168778,"id":"Q168778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$795F1301-7C40-4AC8-8628-027E6ABDC3AB","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"a412924d2301392a0ad8a9af193ad90032944252","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2013-08-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$167B85BE-795D-49A1-82AB-EBB38DF52D70","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4976ffeef4ef463ed1726f370992c230362f6041","datavalue":{"value":"https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmjm/1375361984","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2393440$EC69F13B-C8B6-45ED-9501-5C8634841CD5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"465c7fa22f510469b956adb71f932ac8c908895c","datavalue":{"value":"The author investigates symmetries of a compact Riemann surface~\\(X\\) of genus \\(g>1\\). As Harnack showed, the set of fixed points of every symmetry \\(\\sigma\\) consists of disjoint ovals, i.~e., simple closed curves. If \\(\\sigma\\) has exactly \\(g+1-q\\) ovals, then it is called an \\((M-q)\\)-symmetry. The main goal of the paper is to investigate the order of the product of two non-conjugate symmetries of~\\(X\\). The paper consists of 4 sections. Section~1 has an introductory character. In Section 2 some preliminary results on NEC-groups, Fuchsian groups and the number of ovals for symmetries of a compact Riemann surface are given. The main Section 3 is devoted to the study of the order of the product of a pair of symmetries. First the author recalls some known results by E.~Bujalance, A.~F.~Costa, and D.~Singerman, by M.~Izquierdo and D.~Singerman, and by S.~M.~Natanzon on the number of ovals for two symmetries and the existence of a Riemann surface admitting a pair of \\((M-q)\\)- and \\((M-q')\\)-symmetries. As a corollary of the results, Theorem 3.4 is proved. It states that the order of the product of two \\((M-q)\\)- and \\((M-q')\\)-symmetries does not exceed \\(2^n\\) if \\[ 2g-\\frac{g}{2^{n-2}}\\leq q+q'< 2g-\\frac{g}{2^{n-1}}.\\qquad\\qquad(*) \\] The maximal exponent of the power of \\(2\\) which can be realized as the order of the product of non-conjugate \\((M-q)\\)- and \\((M-q')\\)-symmetries of \\(X\\) is denoted by \\(\\mu_g(q,q')\\) (\\(q\\leq q'\\)). Therefore, under the conditions of Theorem~3.4 we have \\(\\mu_g(q,q')\\leq n\\). In Corollary 3.6 it is proved that 1)~\\(\\mu_g(1,g)=1\\) if \\(g> 2\\), and \\(\\mu_2(1,1)=1\\); 2)~\\(\\mu_g(q,q')=1\\) for \\(g\\geq q+q'+1\\); 3)~\\(\\mu_g(q,q')\\geq 2\\) for \\(g\\leq q+q'\\) and \\(\\{q,q'\\}\\neq \\{1,g\\}\\) for the case \\(g>2\\) or \\(\\{q,q'\\}\\neq \\{1,1\\}\\) for \\(g=2\\). Corollary 3.6 corrects some earlier results of the author. Theorem~3.7 states that if \\(2^{n-2}\\) divides \\(g\\) and \\((*)\\) holds, then \\(\\mu_g(q,q')=n\\), except of two cases: \\(q=q'=g-1\\) and \\(g=2^{n-1}\\) or \\(g=3\\cdot 2^{n-2}\\); for these cases \\(\\mu_g(q,q')=n-1\\). Theorem~3.10 affirms that if \\(g=2^{n-1}b+1\\) and \\((*)\\) holds, then \\(n-1\\leq \\mu_g(q,q')\\leq n\\) and the upper estimates is attained iff one of the following is true: 1)~\\(q+q'\\geq 2g+2-2b\\); 2)~\\(q+q'=2g+1-2b\\) and \\(q'\\geq g-1\\) or \\(n\\leq 4\\); 3)~\\(q+q'=2g-2b\\) and \\(q'=g-1\\) or \\(n=3\\). The last Section~4 deals with pairs of symmetries with a unique oval of symmetry. In Theorem~4.1 it is proved that \\(\\mu_g(g,g)\\leq n\\) if \\(2^{n-1}\\leq g<2^n\\) and \\(n\\geq 2\\). The lower bound is attained only if \\(g=2^n-2^{n-l}\\) for some \\(0