{"entities":{"Q2413275":{"pageid":2424018,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2413275","lastrevid":78783986,"modified":"2026-05-06T12:25:57Z","type":"item","id":"Q2413275","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Continuation and stability analysis for Bloch waves of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6857562"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$7FC676C4-E774-479C-BC41-8E3F6BC3E66B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6ed7e047c3d280823b0202fee06131f92ebacbd1","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Continuation and stability analysis for Bloch waves of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$25A6622E-36C9-403D-BA72-DE8F37C7D7B7","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a42ed2d19c7992db45b3debbac2e0deaffb1349e","datavalue":{"value":"1404.65191","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$7B0C4334-53E7-4978-B8EC-EA3B61798D54","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a7ff5833b4ce028f08e2a7ddc21ae50e32b74ac1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":348390,"id":"Q348390"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$D6757564-6E57-4A3C-A4E4-60D8E24E04DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0c26b51c47953aba0df63247051cf81b1ed92b8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":422973,"id":"Q422973"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$6A403E49-6D88-47D5-8EB5-5DF90D2A6172","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"5163178e0ad078591d6e4c676056103ad47f5e69","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":422974,"id":"Q422974"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$4ABF8F83-5251-4E26-AD9C-92083274C49B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"81d27c90dfe06ad0169a96abf22b3e2c0b5a08be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":422975,"id":"Q422975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$C6DB5F98-83C7-4456-93CC-54B54F44DD2B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"95f4a47752e6dde2f4d6f910dcba94ba8b5377c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":57895,"id":"Q57895"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$D55B21FE-9041-47C3-ADEC-F7A05D93F3CE","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1a7b04a932915a16080ff16768997e390c5868b4","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$576ACB90-EFDD-442F-A5E8-AD59E0A42966","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"885a066cddf58bcd9622cb73ac585af6b5dadabe","datavalue":{"value":"The note is dedicated to two-parameter continuation algorithms for computing Bloch waves of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in optical lattices, which are governed by the following Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE)  \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\mathbf{i}\\frac{\\partial \\Psi }{\\partial t}(\\mathbf{x},t) = - \\frac{1}{2}\\Delta \\Psi + V(\\mathbf{x})\\Psi + c\\left| \\Psi \\right|^2\\Psi ,\\\\ \\displaystyle t > 0,\\quad \\mathbf{x} = (x,y) \\in \\Omega = (0,2\\pi)^2. \\end{aligned}\\tag{1} \\]  Here, \\(\\Psi = \\Psi (\\mathbf{x},t)\\) is the wave function of BEC, \\(V(\\mathbf{x}) = \\nu (\\cos x + \\cos y)\\) is the periodic trapping potential with positive constants \\(\\nu \\) and \\(c\\). Substituting \\(\\Psi \\left( {\\mathbf{x},t} \\right) = e^{ - \\mathbf{i}\\mu t}\\psi (\\mathbf{x})\\) in (1) gives the 2D nonlinear eigenvalue problem  \\[  - \\frac{1}{2}\\Delta \\psi (\\mathbf{x}) + V(\\mathbf{x})\\psi (\\mathbf{x}) + c\\left| {\\psi (\\mathbf{x})} \\right|^2\\psi (\\mathbf{x}) = \\mu \\psi (\\mathbf{x}),  \\]  where \\(\\mu \\) is the chemical potential and \\(\\psi (\\mathbf{x})\\) is a complex stationary-state wave function. The Bloch waves are nonlinear eigenstates of the form \\(\\psi (\\mathbf{x}) = e^{\\mathbf{ik} \\cdot \\mathbf{x}}\\varphi _{\\mathbf{k}}(\\mathbf{x})\\), where \\(\\varphi _\\mathbf{k} (\\mathbf{x})\\) is a complex periodic function of period \\(2\\pi \\) and \\(\\mathbf{k} = \\left( {k_x ,k_y } \\right)\\) is the Bloch wave vector with wave components \\(k_x ,k_y \\in [ - 1 / 2,\\,\\,1 / 2]\\). The Fourier collocation method and fourth-order Adini's elements with penalty are used to discretize the GPE. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction. In Section 2, the FCM and the Adini element method with penalty are studied. In Section 3, linear stability analysis for the GPE (1) is discussed. It is shown numerically that, for certain values of the parameters \\(c\\), \\(\\nu \\), \\(k_x \\) and \\(k_y \\), all discrete steady-state solutions of (1) are neutrally stable. Section 4 deals with two-parameter continuation algorithms for computing Bloch waves and with closed tubes at the four edges and, in particular, for closed tubes at the four corners of the Bloch band. The numerical results reported in Section 5 demonstrate the superfluidity of the BEC if the coefficient \\(c\\) of the cubic nonlinear term is greater than \\(\\nu \\). Moreover, some closed loops are obtained at the four edges and four corners even for \\(c \\approx \\nu \\). Finally, some concluding remarks are given in Section 6.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$113F177B-B06D-40B3-83BC-D1C777B8E6C0","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0ef56e6caa734a0c2ab01a48ad2bba2c1babfc07","datavalue":{"value":"65M70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$AF47199E-893E-4827-9C48-F6D1F90274E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e029ba5928ff14c890ab2e866ac022895a02b6c8","datavalue":{"value":"65N25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$9B8E321B-17E6-40DB-B936-C72251608B55","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0493e66c36e2772f355d1d5e05f0013b3d870be0","datavalue":{"value":"65N30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$6DBE7B76-1104-46EC-A7B5-397ABEC15570","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4ebcfbef40d3777560c8b5466e307340910b6af8","datavalue":{"value":"65H17","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$AC5C1B3C-A185-4DCC-B78A-D2A7A6328AA9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c353c8426e71d59333c75e702cc47eb91e1e89d0","datavalue":{"value":"35Q55","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$49F81BAF-DD52-4734-8FF4-3A41C2FB1E50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0af74267e3dece9cd061fa85bf08b5db4a64c1f0","datavalue":{"value":"82D50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$970D447B-CBEA-48F4-B168-0E9ED1C2A931","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"826d7c42ee003d4c7e9c7531d94df8575bc1ba6b","datavalue":{"value":"6857562","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$43BA2AD5-3570-4B30-8DE7-3C96E309F6EF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ae51c2d24e0c8893d6d0543c5870e92b086da402","datavalue":{"value":"Bose-Einstein condensates","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$C025F2B5-D2EA-4330-8894-501A7CA93F3A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b747deaa9ee50bfeaffb8db0f46bd54473fb885a","datavalue":{"value":"superfluidity","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$41E6160D-0059-4156-BE31-9556784B11B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"246f42fa12efe2faee9757917a31498a212411ec","datavalue":{"value":"Fourier collocation method","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$56795826-C50B-47B1-96D0-8BC4F406DC60","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1cc21d5b5e76d6a20f74772e630a89805ef85985","datavalue":{"value":"Adini's elements","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$0EACD92D-E679-4278-800D-4E02EC01A38C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a57f5b4436202c441fefbe80c6d2898c1622534f","datavalue":{"value":"ground state solution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$E0073AA6-3804-474A-93E8-4F2F1416362C","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"80b3d3699d1b26c98666ba1d9e3475c668d93e9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1599803,"id":"Q1599803"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$982635E0-2EC2-43AF-BEB0-09BE2980964E","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$A989E1E4-6DEA-4F07-81FE-93719B051521","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ace9b8ccb290c7c6df088fa6f0fa0ae7a78f18f7","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-017-0336-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$A22BE885-1964-45B3-A68D-9DE975F6E039","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"246e3bae0012e2a3adf88ba1281f4793cbe44840","datavalue":{"value":"W2620155494","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$7B0DEC0F-1547-4A83-BB74-A6D55E05BB81","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"deeb4a08e141ad9958fdc2cc462d60b0c9b5a73d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5372494,"id":"Q5372494"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$AEECC8F9-8162-4474-A4AB-3EC062F2D0AE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"768df2838419aa9c78b3d65784297c0241b2370d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":548979,"id":"Q548979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$92402E37-01DB-486F-BE59-75BF3F1EA432","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aacb26b151d0f1e78d2f0843c0438f047858c506","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4054620,"id":"Q4054620"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$86B775A8-D7AE-4AFD-A807-13E00168DD99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3375cb03981ea54a067a5f1856cfc140e4b5663c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4266071,"id":"Q4266071"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$50A63837-FE8A-4825-8AA2-7899230721ED","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f4e0f3ec334392cf70785528d711b5db67c89f84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1279539,"id":"Q1279539"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$2BDD9B0A-5B9B-4AB9-8269-84953D82723D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e213cf6f30f2bbb0c282a2ec5fcc0038a9a1e4c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":422976,"id":"Q422976"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$A82F124D-81D9-45C0-AD5E-CFD83BFD43DC","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"3cc883273bc62ada0a141df6e97d8efc606620b3","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11075-017-0336-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2413275$B20C02D4-FC0C-4D04-A2E7-259EDB6BD61D","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"91f512f09a5692022ec48f30deb7be2d2b1e6e10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":548979,"id":"Q548979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"06218475c052f2b3e2db77730c8e4d81affd7bdf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8680530190467834","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2413275$7DBE2CF9-26B1-404A-9A72-3E2D887C2B7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6c18aaa50bafe70a176fb48da8693bb58fc3f8fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2203155,"id":"Q2203155"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e23f292cb6b3013dd54d9afa111746102a41ae3e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8007737994194031","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2413275$405E2BA2-ED0F-448E-AD9E-D75789BA5201","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4e69b4e4ee0fd86783539ac30344872587a417f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":629551,"id":"Q629551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fbf3daf5c2731497618807bf9a15df9005bef186","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7698615789413452","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2413275$0CFA5344-CFD4-4D06-B29C-F6AA6A7420FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5ac3e475e2459088f661a3865c6e59a905bfea22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4588755,"id":"Q4588755"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a9d2b07958f4bf8ec6de88966d0e902fda22523a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7573684453964233","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2413275$4F4D1E1D-33CD-4AAB-ACFE-20F9132D9C42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"807e8bf2d137424a5d7779947f7798301fa1649e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":295310,"id":"Q295310"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dbd35b6d3c0aba6d94e914e050bf2ce8215145cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7554349303245544","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2413275$AF261EBC-FD59-453A-9B87-781713FC39FA","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Continuation and stability analysis for Bloch waves of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation","badges":[]}}}}}