{"entities":{"Q2415312":{"pageid":2426055,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2415312","lastrevid":57904590,"modified":"2026-04-03T00:54:34Z","type":"item","id":"Q2415312","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Resolution of singularities of arithmetical threefolds"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7057272"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$CEAADDD0-02D6-4B05-8451-50D8C1F381CF","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c5788501c7bc1f1057d02f199ebbcda209740e96","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Resolution of singularities of arithmetical threefolds","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$83484589-A682-45D8-A6DE-796B4278FC93","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c4a989559839e631573ee9920854de89abf7db1f","datavalue":{"value":"1467.14008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$EAB61415-938C-46F9-AE5F-2999F0FE0A81","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0d9f522022d8ed6a1a4fd935daa6cd977fe9d298","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":524861,"id":"Q524861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$63AB1E54-1C8B-41E0-A577-24CE0B5A7DF2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"720f8e7cfb156119f88d3440b94afb05ed00b338","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":428169,"id":"Q428169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$00EE8B38-37A1-47F2-920D-2ECA2F9489FF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"93541bb195a0809b1f249396bcebe99d047e6b6c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161561,"id":"Q161561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$999ED10A-B6D0-480D-878C-286778AA384A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"47172647f90a50182889a072cc3f660611377e0d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-05-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$7D4A1B40-5D92-41CA-82AA-474D283C159D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2e084c08b82e3c85189a2ec456df44bae3a798e6","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0868","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2415312$6AC4B31D-95FC-40D0-8524-23B9125069D4","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9c22ce9c9c943792196e6b5a40045d5543772330","datavalue":{"value":"The problem of resolution of singularities -- solved by Hironaka about half a century ago over a field of characteristic 0 -- is still open in full generality. For arithmetical schemes \\(\\mathcal X\\), the general case of \\(\\dim \\mathcal{X} >2 \\) remained unsolved until now. The next step is done here by the authors with their Theorem 1.1. Let \\(\\mathcal X\\) be a reduced and separated Noetherian scheme which is quasi-excellent and of dimension at most 3. There exists a proper birational morphism \\(\\pi :\\mathcal{X}'\\to\\mathcal{X}\\) with the following properties: \\begin{itemize} \\item[(i)] \\(\\mathcal{X}'\\) is everywhere regular; \\item[(ii)] \\(\\pi\\) induces an isomorphism \\(\\pi^{-1} (\\mathrm{Reg} \\ \\mathcal{X}) \\to\\mathrm{Reg}\\mathcal{X} \\); \\item[(iii)] \\(\\pi^{-1} (\\mathrm{Sing } \\ \\mathcal{X})\\) is a strict normal crossings divisor on \\(\\mathcal{X}'\\). \\end{itemize} If furthermore a finite affine covering \\(\\mathcal{X} = \\mathcal{U}_1 \\cup \\mathcal{U}_2 \\cup \\dots \\cup \\mathcal{U}_n \\) is specified, one may take \\(\\pi^{-1}(\\mathcal{U}_i) \\to \\mathcal{U}_i\\) projective, \\(1\\leq i \\leq n\\). A proper birational morphism \\(\\pi\\) as above is said to be a resolution if it satisfies properties (i) and (ii) above. If additionally (iii) is satisfied, \\(\\pi\\) is said to be a good resolution. It is pointed out that the construction of \\(\\pi\\) is not given as a sequence of Hironaka-permissible blowing ups. The authors give evidence for situations, when this can be achieved proving a local version of the theorem which uses only Hironaka-permissible blowing ups. An answer to the question whether this could hold in general is referred to as \\textit{widely open}. The following can be deduced from the theorem. Corollary 1.2. Let \\(A\\) be a reduced complete Noetherian local ring of dimension three. Then \\(\\mathcal{X} := \\mathrm{Spec} \\ A\\) has a good resolution of singularities which is projective. Corollary 1.3. Let \\(\\mathcal O\\) be an excellent Dedekind domain with quotient field \\(F\\) and \\(\\Sigma / F\\) be a regular projective surface. There exists a proper and flat \\(\\mathcal O\\)-scheme \\(\\mathcal X\\) with generic fiber \\(\\mathcal{X}_F = \\Sigma\\) which is everywhere regular. In this paper the authors continue their earlier work on resolution of singularities of threefolds. In the first sections they start developping a more general approach to the problem for hypersurface singularities defined by a reduced polynomial \\(h=X^p+f_1X^{p-1}+ \\dots + f_p \\in S[X], f_i\\in S\\) over an excellent regular local ring \\(S\\) of any dimension \\(\\geq 1\\), where \\(p:= \\mathrm{char} (S/\\mathbf{m}_S) >0\\). It is supposed -- using the notations \\(K:= Q(S)\\), \\(\\mathcal{X}:= \\mathrm{Spec} (S[X]/(h))\\) and \\(L\\) for the total quotient ring of \\(S[X]/(h)\\) -- that \\begin{itemize} \\item[(i)] \\(\\mathrm{char} (K)=p\\) and \\(f_i =0\\) for \\(i