{"entities":{"Q2418977":{"pageid":2429720,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2418977","lastrevid":57908679,"modified":"2026-04-03T01:18:04Z","type":"item","id":"Q2418977","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On directional derivatives of trace functionals of the form \\(A \\mapsto \\mathrm{Tr}({Pf}(A))\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7060503"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$69D826B8-4F05-48CD-94A4-F44909FC576F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2d4d04dea644c61af07aadeecbf6bfc3189f0d20","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On directional derivatives of trace functionals of the form \\(A \\mapsto \\mathrm{Tr}({Pf}(A))\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$CB28DD66-A73C-41E7-B74B-B567293B5441","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"61df6107ec5e92ecba337e2d3417bc7ceee326c4","datavalue":{"value":"1416.15017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$D1BAB410-50FA-4074-8D57-801A72510FB8","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a5fe56e009d78e88b27641ce00fa732734f18655","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2165050,"id":"Q2165050"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$67649D75-D814-4300-AA0C-E6FCDFCB48FF","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$79EE37B4-F176-42A6-BE20-ED7D06DD60B7","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6120eae74d684c2ead20d43fdd3e39763954793c","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$B752AEDD-2BEC-4CBB-A800-098D101B5193","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4da6251fefc8bc76a7e72e9a2c25e2d9f3648ad3","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.05641","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2418977$F5C8C30E-630C-48AE-8BC5-97315A15DD29","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"76ec9bbf88df689520c79788d2ce06ff78e15fcb","datavalue":{"value":"Let $\\mathbf{H}_n$ and $\\mathbf{P}_n$ be the set of $n\\times n$ Hermitian matrices and positive semidefinite matrices respectively. The \\textit{directional derivative} of a real valued function $f\\!:\\!\\mathcal{A}\\;(\\subseteq \\mathbf{H}_n)\\to \\mathbb{R}$ at $A\\in\\mathcal{A}$ in the direction $B\\in\\mathbf{H}_n$ is defined as \\[ df(A;B)=\\lim_{t\\to 0^+}\\frac{f(A+tB)-f(A)}{t}. \\] For a given differentiable function $f:(0,\\infty)\\to\\mathbb{R}$, the author studies the induced trace functional $f_P:\\mathbf{P}_n\\to \\mathbb{R}$ with $P\\in\\mathbf{P}_n$ defined as follows: for every $A\\in\\mathbf{P}_n$ has rank $r$ and admits the spectral decomposition $A=\\sum_{i=1}^r\\alpha_i v_iv_i^*$, \\[ f_P(A)=\\sum_{i=1}^r f(\\alpha_i)\\mathrm{Tr}(Pv_iv_i^*). \\] The induced trace functional arises in the study of quantum information theory and the directional derivatives is connected to some corresponding optimization problems. \\par In the paper, directional derivatives of $f_P$ induced by a special class of functions $f$ at $A\\in\\mathbf{P}_n$ in some specific directions $B\\in\\mathbf{H}_n$ are computed using the first divided difference of $f$ at every pair of eigenvalues of $A$. The function $f$ to be considered satisfies the condition that $\\lim_{t\\to 0^+}tf(t)=0$ and $B$ is restricted to have $A+tB\\in\\mathbf{P}_n$ for $t \\in[0,\\varepsilon)$, $\\varepsilon>0$. The proof of the main result relies on the well-known spectral perturbation theory of Hermitian matrices. More specifically, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $A+tB$ are analytic in the real variable $t$. In addition, when $f$ admits an integral representation such as $f(x)=\\log(x)$ or $f(x)=x^p$ with $-1