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Let \\(\\mathfrak{g}(V)\\) denote the associated Lie algebra \\(\\mathfrak{sp}(V)\\) or \\(\\mathfrak{o}(V)\\). A classical (and well-studied) problem is to understand the orbits in \\({ g}(V)\\) under the adjoint action of \\(G(V)\\). In this paper, the authors present a new approach to this problem from an elementary linear algebra perspective. Indeed, only a basic knowledge of linear algebra is required in the arguments.  From a matrix perspective, the problem of classifying orbits is equivalent to identifying the real canonical forms for a matrix \\(X \\in \\mathfrak{g}(V)\\) under (symplectic) similarity. The main result is a procedure for identifying the canonical form associated to a given \\(X\\). Given \\(X\\), one computes its eigenvalues. This gives rise to a decomposition of \\(V\\) into a direct sum \\(\\bigoplus V_{\\lambda}\\) of cyclic subspaces \\(V_{\\lambda}\\) associated to an eigenvalue \\(\\lambda\\). The authors observe that for a non-zero eigenvalue \\(\\lambda\\), \\(-\\lambda\\) is also an eigenvalue, and, moreover, that the subspace \\(V_{\\lambda}\\oplus V_{-\\lambda}\\) has the same (symplectic or orthogonal) geometry as \\(V\\). If \\(X\\) admits a zero eigenvalue, it is shown that the associated cyclic subspace \\(V_0\\) further decomposes into a set of singletons or pairs having the same geometry as \\(V\\). The authors describe the canonical form of the restriction of \\(X\\) to these various subspaces (e.g., on a subspace of the form \\(V_{\\lambda}\\oplus V_{-\\lambda}\\)) and then show how these can be combined to get the full canonical form for \\(X\\).  As an application, the authors explicitly identify all the possible canonical forms for \\(\\mathrm{Sp}(2,{\\mathbb R})\\) and \\(\\mathrm{Sp}(4,{\\mathbb R})\\), as well as the associated (nonequivalent) quadratic Hamiltonian forms on \\({\\mathbb R}^2\\) and \\({\\mathbb 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