{"entities":{"Q2422043":{"pageid":2432786,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2422043","lastrevid":57909627,"modified":"2026-04-03T01:22:59Z","type":"item","id":"Q2422043","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Critical exponents of infinite balanced words"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7067605"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$40E12F27-6922-49CE-A96D-8CB78F66E324","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"a3193b4da643e2fbfe0bdd6c753804ec039443fa","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Critical exponents of infinite balanced words","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$2D62BEFF-539B-461F-B714-C6A3A03A379C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"41a36aa6db774ad9ab75841b520656a215c8c190","datavalue":{"value":"1446.68132","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$60FEEAC0-9065-4554-9183-4976C0335900","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"fb8579d08d02888dcfc6c4a0d1e7ad3780689962","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":284844,"id":"Q284844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$F0378A97-1A7F-40BE-ABF1-B03E92FB9FBB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a7e572a8e89f185fad728e7d88ff8c270f60d2c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":785800,"id":"Q785800"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$189C49AA-1809-49EB-81D1-4B1D6AD55B67","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"acbe3fcdaa2e72f3bce067779bfee150bff0b503","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":405317,"id":"Q405317"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$D32D2D10-D0E2-4098-9B8C-8F54B2D31FB4","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f3c424cd94a60f9664f9fb69cc6027e75cc7ff3f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":123643,"id":"Q123643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$FF7FFAB2-7531-4DDC-803D-3448797069AC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"001edf23e586a650fb6b34425b0aaf644eda2260","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$917E7F00-AB1C-4742-A55E-A308DD883675","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4c667bf8e4fd4929d73c374fd0ceec7042d779b9","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.05334","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$EAAF57FB-F13B-4E2E-BF3F-CDF678981ACD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"5de8ce3a351d6d58320e93191f71fc2c9d4c6ddd","datavalue":{"value":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15702","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$7838A6B3-DBA7-4707-8E48-8DBAFC7853E5","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"6c8311d6af15453114b006012866149116d55174","datavalue":{"value":"Using a construction of \\textit{P. Hubert} [Theor. Comput. Sci. 242, No. 1--2, 91--108 (2000; Zbl 0944.68149], the authors produce infinite balanced words \\(x_k\\) over \\(k\\) letters for \\(k=3,4,\\dots,10\\). They prove that the word \\(x_3\\) has critical exponent \\(2+\\frac{\\sqrt{2}}2\\) (Propositon 6), which is the least possible critical exponent for infinite balanced words over 3 letters (Proposition 7). Similarly, the word \\(x_4\\) has critical exponent \\(\\frac{5+\\sqrt{5}}4\\approx 1.8090\\) (Propositon 9); on the other hand, via a backtracking algorithm, the authors have verified that the least possible critical exponent for infinite balanced words over 4 letters is not less than \\(1.8088\\). For \\(k\\ge 5\\), the authors conjecture (basing on computer calculations) that the word \\(x_k\\) has critical exponent \\(\\frac{k-2}{k-3}\\); for \\(5\\le k\\le9\\), they have established via their backtracking algorithm that no infinite balanced word over \\(k\\) letters has critical exponent less than \\(\\frac{k-2}{k-3}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$1EECD181-A3C9-4CC1-B2EC-E1B06224F577","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"23149673dde05813672617e26c3fcb130092997c","datavalue":{"value":"68R15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$07EDB355-B0D7-4AE5-B810-BE995B00A04E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"a360651f48fb3ab31a1af8c50bb3f3739a50e7d8","datavalue":{"value":"68V15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$50D41CE5-F1D5-4C01-A884-806FA2CBCE41","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3f592625e9312b98bb85d6cd63e01f8ab9a18b06","datavalue":{"value":"7067605","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$344E7D9D-CDF1-464A-9D96-E999AE58157A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"163eba7bbee794b1153016cdb71e39907b81d5e2","datavalue":{"value":"balanced word, critical exponent","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$92D8AAA1-BE7D-42C5-A1A8-42BE631E4FDF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a6aea74805372306aa7931b27ff14af9d95c3dff","datavalue":{"value":"infinite word","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$BD2E7487-8FC1-46D5-AFB2-ED51CDF3A8D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"376c5ba6db3848c5b96f358f8e703e6e621d9889","datavalue":{"value":"Sturmian word","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$D54D6DB4-1FC7-450C-9554-EB9CD5E33163","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"41206dcbcbeae462e666a06f6cff03ec3cba83dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":41836,"id":"Q41836"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$7EC10FD7-DDD5-4C94-BD75-57989D320C96","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$BCB4F38B-F637-45F0-81B6-BB8502C4A816","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"eb9d72f691e6d384355329fe7379f0e298cbaeef","datavalue":{"value":"W2963055754","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$551AB48F-ACC9-442E-9B25-ADB4FAB07DE0","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"950f3bf0951443eb1e5bcbf62abe86752f7308ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4431260,"id":"Q4431260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$0DF46357-8246-449D-8FFA-49C66C48BE6E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8ab968868a27793512725f9615e172750ff9d631","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4529547,"id":"Q4529547"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$F7C6605F-ABE5-4B54-BB54-81F363690C07","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"047aa43ed73756ce47a15f42e62591e968327941","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3549293,"id":"Q3549293"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$ED83F092-27CD-4B75-9E75-1FCDA24D1939","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6aefbac822864f74789a87241f96d4e6323596ce","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1348765,"id":"Q1348765"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$2542B398-FA14-458E-84A7-569EEAAC50C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"683c9fcd79450027e7913ee80547d9f54c5c9a94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4362734,"id":"Q4362734"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$FF7E9991-4A5F-430E-ABC0-CE4003D349FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"48edb664783fa6fbebd3b3c75b27cf76562deead","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2974059,"id":"Q2974059"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$99AE1D37-4DC2-4967-8ED9-63C828D09CBA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9995fcf574923026db62022a0bb2d71442bcab1b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3937604,"id":"Q3937604"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$2A18C2AA-7913-4A23-A58F-C499223C7FE9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"612401fdbbabdd1e6f169a0fb8d2948bbb14985e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1394256,"id":"Q1394256"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$CA779F51-CB5F-49CC-B54B-E5F781FC7E2A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3da2a0852c83b3bb76468f162c4bf824b50e4a46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1750300,"id":"Q1750300"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$2E0F8157-C3D0-4327-A430-FB3A0C9EF618","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"008088af3e06c937f044f894a36e81cce6438b1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1575538,"id":"Q1575538"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$948C9656-96D6-473D-98E3-36BEC1760F0E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"428f8642872bf2bfdc40f7ccfb6bb6b635b96326","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5941077,"id":"Q5941077"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$503347BC-242C-4407-98C6-697D061A451C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d559d17bb92d5b1273b2e54e2e3ea2362dc4effc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3137472,"id":"Q3137472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$E2798987-613F-4B2D-A55D-7B827AFDA5A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a5983095f40ef90bb78831426e9cf7d0528daa89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4012668,"id":"Q4012668"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$6F056B39-782B-40B4-8C24-9B6507FCF2CC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"19d70734951428c701f8b8a62d6b0c14f4c5691a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1275466,"id":"Q1275466"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$FB9E4598-532C-4289-A5D3-7C128EAD1D6D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d19324feede743357692937a5f85e76dd9043820","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3186674,"id":"Q3186674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$13BFD830-6735-465A-9EC6-F6A561B45E14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bbb8116291479f9d5cdc5c47da53f776c3dbda14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2353637,"id":"Q2353637"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$90EDCD92-C943-4932-99E0-E20050D3BF18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1a629e30fc3619c75c46db3acf763ecb9e6f4928","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1367039,"id":"Q1367039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$E4CF944B-7DB7-4B7C-B2DC-E0B4F3C4BE56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1efac0239f1939c1b5beafe4a6de7aaf5e496796","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1433188,"id":"Q1433188"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$EF1E0B8E-894B-44AB-A707-BD482DC3C052","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f5cde3215c642cdd35ea3cb8690a8faf3fd27ae5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2271442,"id":"Q2271442"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$27AC1B06-52BA-45B4-86D9-E8168EEE1B7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"89fbede2bb50c70172cf2ac5e1684b6f59b8dd3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1781930,"id":"Q1781930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$05371069-F8C0-4ADD-99AE-A4E735161A26","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"622aa5c4b069f1b170f738a3dd597d5af79d4a99","datavalue":{"value":"Q129054453","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$9517F470-9E72-434B-B976-0C1296335D31","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"0ed82b4a9e5b669d78154974e4749527c4b4c911","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.TCS.2018.10.017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2422043$4B8A2C46-136A-4A54-912B-F42A8EADB36F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"13b0ec8518d4fbdaacd748e94bc6c71a65072698","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2333033,"id":"Q2333033"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"13facf34b065cb640be18fba7cd75a0124c0f90b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8927533626556396","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2422043$92C14C7A-D6DA-44E0-8079-ABE3D855875A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f9f9813fd6777bf6072519e570d0cd27bb6af565","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":401485,"id":"Q401485"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"705238d426722d9287f53d7c0c37832c3c682933","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8590696454048157","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2422043$BF727412-83A1-4C5A-92C6-0D0E6B625A36","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ef41e941f022d036f169d15b56c41bf606e615b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2098168,"id":"Q2098168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"83c557577986d5c8f208770e0eeb18e4e23d991b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8549616932868958","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2422043$4FE8E40F-F40E-41A1-8AE0-B1637D44246F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e78331a1007621fbf2c5a928a024366708dbed54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2333048,"id":"Q2333048"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b5d1b45f005f8f5846a2f0038d570996a44c6b75","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8446874618530273","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2422043$DC8E9352-F4FF-4257-A5C7-ED2AF2450C9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8d75120d842ea9612103a823e3709ac513705cd2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1010692,"id":"Q1010692"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ecd03ea55cf26bab174d61fb0915d4890c43bc1e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.833725094795227","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2422043$1EF91F7F-E325-431F-9579-D34CF0E8093C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2422043","badges":[]}}}}}