{"entities":{"Q2431983":{"pageid":2442726,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2431983","lastrevid":74118972,"modified":"2026-04-14T18:26:02Z","type":"item","id":"Q2431983","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Ricci curvature and fundamental group"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5066784"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$54348AA9-D93B-411F-9229-050A1EF29957","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fb8500c2d85baf46702848de872b78c62898088c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Ricci curvature and fundamental group","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$F647DC81-F608-4732-9360-261C82B04B95","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"048009d95afdadf3543143f2b4207f3fd110a187","datavalue":{"value":"1105.53032","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$C106FFA2-B5EE-4558-BFBE-5F1EB903F75B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"3d97c3955a340bf2fabd1dc725af535482e933f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181511,"id":"Q181511"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$8C62585C-DE7F-446D-9A29-7CF6A7800FAC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"af241f723e3ca74304d263c8a2b02a411a00985e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-10-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$09FF77B1-20D7-4BBF-B3C6-1A9C90AB5E51","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"ca783b6d2e71370af9b2fa27abaa1542b4f32445","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M\\) be a compact Riemannian manifold with negative Ricci curvature. The author shows that if the universal cover of \\(M\\) has a pole and if any geodesic sphere centered at the pole is convex or concave, then the growth function of the fundamental group is at least exponential. The author also shows that if \\(M\\) is a complete Riemannian manifold with asymptotically non-negative Ricci curvature, then any finitely generated subgroup of the fundamental group has at least polynomial growth. These results generalize previous results of Milnor.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$4548A7B0-3E34-4026-B981-4520F40CCDCD","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ba2f81c2cea09c5562dc4c79432cec451954f4ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168622,"id":"Q168622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$F56C8DE4-1EA9-4566-9D79-C476C7B40CE8","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"80944b79088c06ea29b7a04b1b13ad3b77aa8f67","datavalue":{"value":"53C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$F4883BA4-0620-4DDF-B1DD-D79C491EA8B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8b90db52ca12088dc08c74afaecb99f82acc3eec","datavalue":{"value":"20F34","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$04DF93AA-F488-4D58-A896-49407AC81459","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5c93702431c35cfdabfd628eb13de2c5c64f45fc","datavalue":{"value":"5066784","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$EDE5F282-2088-4DDD-A5B8-A8961C0B2A13","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2a1147d513e40864b13fbc88f843678ef4dd4044","datavalue":{"value":"negative Ricci curvature","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$8AEF9A91-0FC4-41D6-A061-6B547C746480","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ca8e9c339e221cd04ef5ec6e5caeb61df0b7de5b","datavalue":{"value":"exponential growth of the fundamental group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$A471C878-B3A3-4388-968F-7C6CCA2E0CE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"39e8bd8b76dade955b56a1b2d0802a5be75f40ee","datavalue":{"value":"polynomial growth of the fundamental group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$0B366855-BD61-4F84-B9BB-6E47F6D2CE94","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"45a53b224d6eb68f319559920e4bfcaaf6043352","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":589981,"id":"Q589981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$739DC8C5-C1DC-45DF-9392-EF2ACE85B559","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$21630215-5FF5-4C82-90EA-6527C20BFD2C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"20a0c071206ff579f18dfa45051ccdc81eb93234","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11401-005-0253-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$91B4C790-FA2A-47DE-8145-65DE84B950A2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"35887ff83a8cbd243a62ac255d928e87cf872573","datavalue":{"value":"W1969989665","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$BD3BBCBA-4E1B-4C71-9590-3ACC1CAC6A30","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"71932631a4c3bd12d1d872feeb0539bca304a05d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":599379,"id":"Q599379"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$E0082518-6082-40CF-870C-A703E7BEA78C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"780a6bb7b9de20cc8f44c838f8a59e18712dadc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1082619,"id":"Q1082619"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$48871BB1-7489-4572-8FCA-EF7A568C1E06","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2dd7231b08b2044a8f2b1dfeb674860152a27e4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1842643,"id":"Q1842643"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$D85BFD8E-CD71-4087-8395-1298127A68E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5a404bdddc088b0e4b2141d1477c5bb762282810","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2528506,"id":"Q2528506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$480D16FC-4937-44E7-88B4-1154CF24878D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c24a2b33b647ef5db627bc371022e823ed01739e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2647236,"id":"Q2647236"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$F731F30A-26B7-4531-94C9-D46EFBD6281A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"48f166d3172cc1946d4ee0de32d1e7ef26a2d3c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4346928,"id":"Q4346928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$9FD13B18-7354-4736-9269-698263611676","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"8e3d752c160cc9ef844fbed59f7cbc12bfc76ea4","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S11401-005-0253-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2431983$FD7E1F3E-E007-4B94-89D9-5C74BCA0F14A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d1827cbb0536ccb6cd3678e1f0a4fa94a3a58fc6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4346928,"id":"Q4346928"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"735d6084ef78529bf883ec3729101734acfb1871","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.881257951259613","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2431983$FF4933DC-01E8-4B53-A844-77FAB910C7BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"88d9d216b138530ed22f982a82a5e755d6d8f43a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1342812,"id":"Q1342812"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f68759467d99665cfffedcf6f94018db82742c38","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8720091581344604","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2431983$4F300947-29C3-4184-B45B-FE31FC4ABF7D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"66a399c2dad3e3beb138ecc12c84c3ccffdf0ff3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3490577,"id":"Q3490577"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9bbbb3398bb3a1d70088ecb49568ac123a472bb5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8532946109771729","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2431983$87AD386E-DF08-4778-8032-84DBCDF8020B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"200bd91ae2bc1a0e145385025b843a0c46a2f189","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1938043,"id":"Q1938043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5a90134f6418ec2af50cbbcbae2ba2dddc3ba797","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8497390151023865","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2431983$FBD5EDFF-83B4-4309-A674-54CE7E4F4173","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b85e18fe7671d4c36a3efd77fb97c3c976d58ba8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2279153,"id":"Q2279153"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"242d6afdd1fba4bf65de3a3a7b970a11e01d9c91","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83360356092453","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2431983$D2659992-1ED9-46F6-A4E5-8D4D63A1BD84","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Ricci curvature and fundamental group","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Ricci_curvature_and_fundamental_group"}}}}}