{"entities":{"Q2434081":{"pageid":2444824,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2434081","lastrevid":49957690,"modified":"2026-01-12T07:21:24Z","type":"item","id":"Q2434081","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Symplectic 4-manifolds with Kodaira dimension zero"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5068855"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$20BFEB41-21D0-44E5-BA2C-D5C689FB5820","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2e0dcc1baa0de1fb7688a48776480e2bfccd78d5","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Symplectic 4-manifolds with Kodaira dimension zero","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$241409C4-2B3F-4AFD-A950-B7DFAA1CEC2B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"8b174ef410d7fa3e3b7048d30ddcac1fba962ec1","datavalue":{"value":"1105.53068","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$6C7C2AE0-5222-4DA0-ACCE-A213CE695501","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ef20b5191cb017c90b1c455412138d653cf9439d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171357,"id":"Q171357"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$5F6DC2A6-FF82-4DEB-A3CD-52A83A570F61","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"33075497992c7b00cbed0c3ce471beb5f6082d57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":240580,"id":"Q240580"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$AAA5CD69-25E2-456D-882B-56DAE8562983","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e652df40e88a7517140c29fd3339f7b3a9de3e3d","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$2C3E664C-4ECA-442A-BF3E-BC80289A7929","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"acc88dc8f98a45e04697c95fd3558d0162a7ddde","datavalue":{"value":"It is conjectured that for a closed minimal symplectic 4-manifold with Kodaira dimension zero the Betti numbers satisfy \\(b^+\\leq 3\\), \\(b^-\\leq 19\\) and \\(b_1\\leq 4\\). In this paper, improving the definition of Kodaira dimension, if \\(b^1\\leq 4\\), this conjecture is shown to be valid (Theorem 1.2). More precisely, the following is proved: Let \\(M\\) be a minimal symplectic 4-manifold with Kodaira dimension zero. If \\(b_1\\leq 4\\), then \\(b^+\\leq 3\\), \\(b^-\\leq 19\\) and the signature is \\(\\sigma=0\\), \\(-8\\) or \\(-16\\). Moreover, the real homology group, the intersection form, and the spin type of \\(M\\) are the same as that of a K\u00e4hler surface with Kodaira dimension zero or an oriented \\(T^2\\)-bundle over \\(T^2\\) (Theorem 6.11). The author remarks that the conjecture is proved in his preprint [\\textit{T. J. Li}, Betti numbers of symplectic 4-manifolds with Kodaira dimension zero (2005)].   Since \\(2\\chi+3\\sigma=0\\), \\(\\chi\\) is the Euler number, if the Kodaira dimension is zero (Prop. 6.3). Theorem 1.2 follows from Rokhlin's congruence on the signature if \\(b^+\\leq b_1+1\\). If \\(b^+\\geq b_1+2\\), by using the Bauer-Furuta stable cohomology refinement of the Seiberg-Witten invariant [\\textit{S. Bauer} and \\textit{M. Furuta}, Invent. Math. 155, No. 1, 1--19 (2004; Zbl 1050.57024), hereafter refered to as [1]]. A vanishing result on Seiberg-Witten invariants is derived. Then, comparing this result and Taubes' non-vanishing result [\\textit{C. H. Taubes}, Math. Res. Lett. 1, 809--822 (1994; Zbl 0853.57019)], Theorem 1.2 is proved.   The outline of the paper is as follows: In \\S 2, after reviewing definition and properties of a symplectic minimal model of a closed symplectic 4-manifold \\((M, \\omega)\\) (Prop. 2.1), the Kodaira dimension of a symplectic minimal model is defined as follows;   \\[ \\kappa(M, \\omega) =\\begin{cases} -\\infty & \\text{if }K_\\omega\\cdot[\\omega]<0\\text{ or }K_\\omega\\cdot K_\\omega <0,\\\\  0 &\\text{if }K_\\omega\\cdot[\\omega]=0\\text{ and } K_\\omega\\cdot K_\\omega=0,\\\\  1 &\\text{if }K_\\omega\\cdot [\\omega]>0\\text{ and }K_\\omega\\cdot K_\\omega=0,\\\\  2 &\\text{if }K_\\omega\\cdot[\\omega]>0\\text{ and }K_\\omega\\cdot K_\\omega>0. \\end{cases} \\]   Here \\(K_\\omega\\) is the symplectic canonical class. Previous definitions of the symplectic Kodaira dimension did not take into account the sign of \\(K_\\omega\\cdot K_\\omega\\) [cf. \\textit{R. E. Gompf} and \\textit{A. I. Stipsicz}, ``4-manifolds and Kirby calculus'', Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1999; Zbl 0933.57020)]. But since there are symplectic forms \\(\\omega\\) with \\(K_\\omega\\cdot [\\omega]\\) nonnegative, for any minimal ruled surface with negative \\(K_\\omega \\cdot K_\\omega\\), this modification is necessary. By this modification, the Kodaira dimension is well defined and depends only on the oriented diffeomorphism type (Th. 2.4). It is also shown that \\(K_\\omega\\) is a torsion class if \\(\\kappa(M, \\omega)=0\\) (Lemma 2.5).   In \\S3, known results on closed symplectic manifolds with torsion canonical class are summarized. The author speculates that the moduli space of symplectic structures might be \\({\\mathcal P}/D (M)\\), where \\({\\mathcal P}\\) is the cone of real classes with positive square and \\(D(M)\\) is the image of \\(\\text{Diff}(M)\\) in the automorphism group of the cohomology lattice. In \\S 4, first following Chapter 3 of the preprint of M. Furuta, Y. Kametani, H. Matsue and N. Minami: ``Stable-homotopy Seiberg Witten invariants and Pin bordism'', quaternionic vector bundle (a complex bundle with a the notion of structure \\(\\iota_Q)\\) over a space with involution is introduced and the associated Pin(2)-symmetry is discussed. Then, the correspondence between certain Fredholm maps and elements in certain stable cohomotopy groups following [1] and \\textit{S. Bauer} [Refined Seiberg-Witten invariants, Different faces of geometry, New York, 1--46 (2004; Zbl 1083.57039)] is established.   The Pin(2)-equivariant Seiberg-Witten equations are written down in \\S5. The Bauer-Furuta refinement of the Seiberg-Witten invariant is introduced as a stable cohomotopy class. It describes how to derive the Mod 2 Seiberg-Witten invariant from it (Prop. 5.2 in \\S6, this Prop. is referred as to Prop. 5.4). Then, after reviewing Taubes' non-vanishing results on Seiberg-Witten invariants and some general properties of symplectic 4-manifolds with torsion canonical class (Theorem 6.2, Prop. 6.3), bounds of Betti numbers and other properties of closed minimal symplectic 4-manifolds with the Kodaira dimension zero and \\(b^1\\leq 4\\) are derived by using these results. The paper is concluded showing the following results on the structure of a minimal symplectic 4-manifold with Kodaira dimension zero (Prop. 6.15);   1. If \\(H_1(M;\\mathbb{Z}) =0\\), then \\(M\\) is an integral homology \\(K3\\) surface. If \\(M\\) is simply connected, then \\(M\\) is homeomorphic to the \\(K3\\) surface.   2. If \\(\\pi_1(M)\\) is finite but nonrivial, then \\(M\\) is homeomorphic to the Enriques surface.   3. If \\(b_1=4\\), then \\(H^* (M;R)\\) is generated by \\(H^1(M;R)\\), and hence isomorphic to \\(H^*(T^4;R)\\) as a ring.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$4BCDA10A-89AE-47C2-A499-A80DB451DCAE","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ff218d8a6072e9b189d21d69809bca07a41e5929","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":587361,"id":"Q587361"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$1C304D30-8888-4CFB-8EFF-B993FF853BCA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"78fe00c615e469a834a004429eb3e7b709f9792e","datavalue":{"value":"53D35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$39958DCC-697C-4B22-87B2-C84BC518E38E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ca9a6b962ad43c465f37f85f14ff33754e2e60ab","datavalue":{"value":"57R17","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$0027AA92-1188-4FE4-B5CB-3BFABFBBBC5B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e5fd00d6e58702e648c4d6a3742d182046350ab0","datavalue":{"value":"5068855","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$B6988C27-EB93-41F9-BED2-87EC1790F0D3","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1b0ba81040414628ba052a61629d741f533dd4c5","datavalue":{"value":"minimal symplectic 4-manifold","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$71F60CA6-A5CE-4C26-B518-1E37B9C04AB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"43439123bbca0edd20a7fa47c7e7c0b2b8c9e50d","datavalue":{"value":"Seiberg-Witten invariant","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$82D621FA-A862-4592-BA77-47093958934A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$3EE06A54-A2FC-4BD4-B1B4-97B9BCA76846","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0cf7142d1e13305e2724d01c7e35975231f00b5a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1175266207","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$EF421EAC-0EA0-4088-90D7-021487442E11","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"12550606991f16cc1197cf9147721899c58705da","datavalue":{"value":"W1493572081","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$56EBF156-8AA5-4F9B-8905-81DE2FDB6AAF","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"962f4bc29dec14f75f466ff213a592a5b569955b","datavalue":{"value":"Q115196789","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$A3C6C7E2-9714-4DF4-AE17-AB40BFE06D25","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ae5ae2bbc87224ba1c138c745fe64577ad369579","datavalue":{"value":"10.4310/JDG/1175266207","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2434081$2A9A6684-6B77-4BCF-B60B-849AD3DA7C9C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d8c24cb1549783e95b5088c92d5ab6a8479fedc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3419720,"id":"Q3419720"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07a571b09f238ebfd77dcb888d5770e0001b1094","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8979517221450806","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2434081$42FE98A2-2288-47F7-8EB2-A6B755A40379","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e4acc57af97146d44dc1578453ea226fac726b38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1001222,"id":"Q1001222"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5f86b5eab8ba9c42ba590915617d18c324d1e547","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8158805966377258","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2434081$0B407197-D944-41C4-80CD-B72AF865230F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9f0a94567355a53328eb16ac197c56bcc96f35b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":846242,"id":"Q846242"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d032187481e3fd522f5c47661de44478d4e20bf6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8143336176872253","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2434081$E1F1324A-14BB-410A-A59F-05FCC4337B0D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c52bff215ddb511bf6046c525f754aaf05826691","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5687871,"id":"Q5687871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c7bec381195c94ce1a90841211506f5d1978e87","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8000760078430176","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2434081$855165B4-EDD4-4893-90A9-B7C5D1775269","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f33f9d6afce8195f99c50f4d6009f66007ba8201","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2571348,"id":"Q2571348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d312fe0e8bf7b1ede236e6c500e18e4cb15e2e4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7964912056922913","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2434081$D5751722-936F-4C50-86BD-C26E86C322E8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2434081","badges":[]}}}}}