{"entities":{"Q2436065":{"pageid":2446808,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2436065","lastrevid":73404693,"modified":"2026-04-14T15:48:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q2436065","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Defining functions for unbounded \\(C^m\\) domains"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6260632"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$C6E1DA56-F63A-4063-A39B-CA6AEE5012CD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"82c9829fa02c5c447a36d1137d2837700a3cefb5","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Defining functions for unbounded \\(C^m\\) domains","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$F813DCB2-89CC-4690-9EB1-6151DFB63F4C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"a10c11c289e5026f28c3ac8b3cb1490159d52a16","datavalue":{"value":"1288.26008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$2FFB677F-E536-46D6-B11B-62E5F2DCAA45","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5471586f3bcecb6dadc2684e0f2496a07b05a013","datavalue":{"value":"10.4171/RMI/762","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$0F64D303-C44D-4DEF-9B49-43A94EF1E6EA","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"de62697c10fb01d05db177a086cc93ebc550f630","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":245369,"id":"Q245369"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$CB0CCE6A-C5E7-488C-8FEF-63913ABDC026","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"34b5dc65757c85a0e2f12d6f307780fb7f3b559a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":245370,"id":"Q245370"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$73FCE07D-0E24-473C-861D-0A5DC8088405","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4eb7cc1856a305a963c7393d6ad45e329f3b5d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":170748,"id":"Q170748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$44D461B3-5832-4509-920F-A27996DACC9F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ae4ba8a782472381a782c06e87bf427bf702d445","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-02-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$90979D6F-005A-4126-879E-63D2533AFD21","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6cebecc62a06ec290c1aa8b0f776d6cf819e8c1a","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.4177","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2436065$69C85A2A-97D8-4618-B01F-39ADC0B81C59","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"588c10726775c5e3596eb1fa3f72a356cee09ddb","datavalue":{"value":"For an open set \\(\\Omega \\subset \\mathbb{R}^n\\) a real-valued \\(C^m\\) function \\(\\rho\\) defined on a neighborhood \\(U\\) of \\(\\partial \\Omega\\) such that \\(\\{x\\in U\\mid\\rho(x)<0\\}=\\Omega \\bigcap U\\) and \\(\\nabla \\rho \\neq 0\\) on \\(\\partial \\Omega\\) is called \\(C^m\\) defining function (\\(m\\geq 1\\)), \\(\\Omega\\) is a \\(C^m\\) domain if it has a \\(C^m\\) defining function. If \\(\\rho\\) is a \\(C^m\\) defining function for \\(\\Omega \\subset \\mathbb{R}^n\\) defined on a neighborhood \\(U\\) of \\(\\partial \\Omega\\) and such that 1) dist\\((\\partial \\Omega, \\partial U)>0\\), 2) \\(\\|\\rho\\|_{C^m(U)}<\\infty\\), 3) \\(\\inf _U|\\nabla \\rho|>0 \\), then \\(\\rho\\) is \\(C^m\\) uniformly. A \\(C^m\\) uniformly function for all \\(m\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) is a \\(C^{\\infty}\\) uniformly function. The following notions are introduced: For \\(\\Omega \\subset \\mathbb{R}^n\\) with \\(C^m\\) boundary \\[ \\widetilde{\\delta}(x)=\\begin{cases} d(x,\\partial \\Omega), \\;\\;x \\overline{\\in} \\Omega\\,,\\\\ -d(x,\\partial \\Omega), \\;\\;x \\in \\overline{\\Omega}\\,, \\end{cases} \\] \\(\\mathrm{Unp}(\\partial \\Omega)=\\{x\\in \\mathbb{R}^n\\mid \\text{there is a unique point}\\; y\\in \\partial \\Omega, \\text{such that}\\; \\delta(x)=|y-x| \\}\\). For \\(y\\in \\partial \\Omega\\), \\(\\mathrm{Reach}(\\partial \\Omega,y)=\\sup\\{r\\geq 0\\mid B(y,r)\\subset \\mathrm{Unp}(\\partial \\Omega)\\}\\). Reach\\((\\partial \\Omega)=\\inf\\{\\text{Reach}(\\partial \\Omega,y)\\mid y\\in \\partial \\Omega\\}\\). The main result of the article is presented in the following {Theorem. } Let \\(\\Omega \\subset \\mathbb{R}^n\\) be a \\(C^m\\) domain, \\(m>2\\). Then the following assertions are equivalent:{\\parindent=6mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[{\\(1^0\\).}] \\(\\Omega\\) has a uniformly \\(C^m\\) defining function. \\item[{\\(2^0\\).}] \\(\\partial \\Omega\\) has positive reach, and for any \\(0<\\varepsilon<\\text{Reach}(\\partial \\Omega) \\) the signed distance function satisfies \\(\\|\\widetilde{\\delta}\\|_{C^m(U_{\\varepsilon})}<\\infty\\) on \\(U_{\\varepsilon}=\\{x\\in \\mathbb{R}^n\\mid\\delta(x)<\\varepsilon\\}\\). \\item[{\\(3^0\\).}] There exists a \\(C^m\\) defining function \\(\\rho\\) for \\(\\Omega\\) and a constant \\(C>0\\) such that for every point \\(p \\in \\partial \\Omega\\) with local coordinates \\(\\{y_1,\\ldots,y_n\\}\\) satisfying \\( \\frac{\\partial \\rho}{\\partial y_j(p)}=0\\) for \\(1\\leq j\\leq n-1\\) \\[ |\\nabla \\rho(p)|^{-1}|\\frac{\\partial^k \\rho(p)}{\\partial y^I}|