{"entities":{"Q2439822":{"pageid":2450565,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2439822","lastrevid":51950909,"modified":"2026-01-20T15:03:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q2439822","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The Gauss-Wilson theorem for quarter-intervals"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6270614"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$F24C007F-FA99-4794-BFC4-8ED160BB5A98","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"821eb0c8f5e0eaf83223e83a348baa25b19d7fdc","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The Gauss-Wilson theorem for quarter-intervals","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$2D25310C-B16D-46C9-BFDF-89C8C1BF2C7B","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"4a04ab80e206a97ef871eaf3965ea3e9588cf414","datavalue":{"value":"1299.11001","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$68719033-A453-4CB6-91AF-5AD195284B84","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c7d1d41510feb21834da9b9c4d38c022c8986c1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":241618,"id":"Q241618"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$93CC76AF-3AD3-4131-8070-79219617BE4D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"92e786469922c50a46946c8d72daa94ff0a16c54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":740897,"id":"Q740897"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$0D8A346A-8EB1-4B98-BE78-D2AD4B5DE2D9","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"4b942190e17083b575cb45317653fe779fdb5a77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168571,"id":"Q168571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$3991496E-9E10-4E78-974D-1EC29BA52F6F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4c390a54d5b8ac5e89f6cda6173ba0d0d0657c1a","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$286AF2F1-5129-4636-B433-C599213D112D","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"882e9b9b005f98f91f8607c02f3abfec0db5c6e1","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(N_n!=\\prod_{_{\\substack{ 1\\leq j\\leq N\\\\ \\text{gcd}(j,n)=1}}} j\\) be the Gauss-factorial. In the paper under review, the authors study the positive integers \\(n\\) with \\(n\\equiv 1\\pmod 4\\), having the property that the multiplicative order of \\((\\frac{n-1}{4})_n!\\) modulo \\(n\\) is a power of \\(2\\). If \\(p\\) is a prime with the above property, then \\(p\\) is called a Gauss prime. The authors show that if \\(p>5\\) is a prime which is congruent to \\(1\\) modulo \\(4\\), then \\((\\frac{p-1}{4})_p!\\) cannot have multiplicative order \\(1,~2,~4\\) or \\(8\\) modulo \\(p\\). The above order is \\(16\\) exactly when \\(p=a^2+b^2\\) and \\(p-1=4ab\\). Such primes are exactly the ones appearing in the sequence \\(\\{u_k\\}_{k\\geq 0}\\) whose initial terms are \\(1,~17,~241\\) and which satisfies the three term linear recurrence whose characteristic polynomial is monic and has roots at \\((2\\pm {\\sqrt{3}})^2\\) and \\(1\\). The authors also show that if the \\(n\\)th Fermat number \\(F_n=2^{2^n}+1\\) is prime, then it is a Gauss prime and the multiplicative order of \\((\\frac{F_n-1}{4})_{F_n}!\\) modulo \\(F_n\\) is \\(2^{n+2}\\). The main result of the paper is a characterization of all such \\(n\\) of the form \\(n=p^{\\alpha} w\\), where \\(p\\equiv 1\\pmod 4\\) is prime, \\(\\alpha\\geq 1\\), and all prime factors of \\(w\\) are congruent to \\(3\\) modulo \\(4\\). The paper contains several numerical examples including a list of all Gauss primes \\(p<10^{14}\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$2AF2DFC5-1734-4B04-9887-A9A9D76F7B34","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"703b972b22485bef255b74098d9fff85c5de5ec5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168881,"id":"Q168881"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$24DC5A5F-4851-4AB8-A7A1-D4483C1410D2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"6321ce6a9565f5f3e695a7afbb7a3eee2274d95d","datavalue":{"value":"11A07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$94929C12-3102-4E42-9DC4-DCB9B57F21B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"34693e52bda3b7dbf741569b62f785c0e006d8ef","datavalue":{"value":"11B65","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$C01F1A02-DB8A-4DF8-BB77-9D1FF51E4231","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bdd8bc291ec378d87e547c48419d646402591ad8","datavalue":{"value":"6270614","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$5D0AFD9B-62AF-4CB1-AF68-FB357A03CFB2","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ad64d32309503bfb4ff51d35a87b8d7c05314216","datavalue":{"value":"Wilson's theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$62DB631E-5E3D-423C-AC93-E5FCC9373AD4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"18d1a5f358062bb526b3fef101b6a06baec03f51","datavalue":{"value":"Gauss' theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$FAF08B47-C45B-487A-B0C7-7FCEC7249EEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0b22cb6eafc35dd79843d76b4fd21d938354c1ec","datavalue":{"value":"factorial","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$0D1BF038-E5B5-4FCC-811F-676C80EFA0BD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"831ea6c4184464373f99f3ef6c81298087d4dce0","datavalue":{"value":"congruence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$7BFF1ABE-5289-4B58-9B5C-E67A705CA997","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"2f5ab791651bad1886d9b70c4cc7cbe445259517","datavalue":{"value":"Q60691972","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$F84D457C-AC27-466E-8DF9-1A091FD4BC99","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"650e761a5f418c574655712b35b1fe882f756011","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":19297,"id":"Q19297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$3C53555D-65D7-4F00-B7D4-BFCAF9B07894","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"c782801fdd3371f9fb588015af28cb26b4be906f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":19299,"id":"Q19299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$0A0071BF-9D2C-46E6-9367-8E7939B0F97C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$B0AAAAD4-EB45-40E4-BF54-331A4660D780","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"0cf57f4892f0f7f84d9105c5e79aec0e75b7a719","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-013-0357-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$8E0B5DB6-1035-4D8A-A350-148D53AFA6FA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"6b9cdee08a7417c03f1debcc5f5d72095ad17734","datavalue":{"value":"W2022319690","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$34B85684-3886-4170-BC88-A61CE5032E1B","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e34c673d35aff55c8e065f163a63c5a57954c2f7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4382830,"id":"Q4382830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$A5EF2E18-B4E9-4D76-A83D-CE2163F92A6B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e6f4b8e0fd7a5cb0b45abbf391abce522729d30b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3628997,"id":"Q3628997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$CE33B29C-216D-4726-8D82-6DEC67F38C3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"766886ddb21b7bfef8916568c8a6ddd06fe62c79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5306708,"id":"Q5306708"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$8091EA08-30FE-4DDB-A4A7-1324C365FEA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cfe2cd9c6dd0a049fc81c4270914b90b9bd5be2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3085109,"id":"Q3085109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$1284557B-B85A-4F62-99A4-B0061797EA17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3bfe4ca1c7809e9810865c627b5a25a275840f3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3100871,"id":"Q3100871"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$DDD5C21B-C090-4C20-B6A4-0EC251C44A56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dcc83fae14b137ab5416fe8a57992d1d3b2fb831","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5848283,"id":"Q5848283"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$6CCD0DF9-5932-41E7-BEA5-73F34538DAD9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8f11b8afa400f029bf4f0499a1c1d5b329a9919e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5650405,"id":"Q5650405"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$BC2F25BD-5530-4E1B-B6BD-BBF37C4CFBEC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2cbe1aac12fb0a03eb24cdb36c404edd66161113","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3285708,"id":"Q3285708"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$3098F2A1-3EC4-4063-AF38-DFBCAE793266","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9a0ebb280b6b000f849ab6c9b9381019af83726a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4001741,"id":"Q4001741"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$85C8FD88-84B6-4457-9D8F-722CEF61A952","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"86948ae383981e54b1af98cd1b8691bd9899e11b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2859380,"id":"Q2859380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$0012153E-8244-4505-BED1-0725D39805D8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f742df3ed3c8ac0b61f30c355dd0c92741b0b5d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4451320,"id":"Q4451320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$E932744E-5DDA-4EE7-88C9-8DFC483DA335","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"335b9878a533ea6f6ea2b7fb7e8a22c48ca383a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4382683,"id":"Q4382683"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$58353AA9-CE3E-4325-B3C5-D70CD7786F50","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e5a6d2968cb209d8d4e069181da7e644b2794723","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10474-013-0357-1","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2439822$DA69765D-0A57-4DB0-8904-4ACDE373903C","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"764438801a61d355425a619f6222f3ba58cd77ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3085109,"id":"Q3085109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"55484c4352f1be8eb5d61f8f2582af17aaede380","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8531339764595032","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2439822$C363D425-AA2B-4FF7-A365-B2DFA5B29647","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"68f802f4dd2af8ff9a71f0cd3201ebfc6c16342f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5961000,"id":"Q5961000"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"585e85d780e79741b2f905c215bd9797d0c7a8c2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8467165231704712","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2439822$8DA709AD-8470-46F1-9114-4AC710B1331F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e0d936ff7bebbaeca8d47c62a5d0789d6efeee3d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3628997,"id":"Q3628997"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f2462158a174b8458b80dc0999e535282e7f5af3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8105172514915466","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2439822$FF3BC79D-38F2-4C48-8B96-AEBB1B046196","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6313d0a03d99b42c56b5863c22034e3cbeb91ae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1744940,"id":"Q1744940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"05cff23e2203c21606becb6c8a4cd5fe215fcf33","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8046777248382568","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2439822$DF3C6B95-A85D-465B-8005-C6B9C7ECFD1A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"601176a54ae7c54d60a2b5be05f244c14cc5515c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2953213,"id":"Q2953213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5fd671f9389dae19f50698ad4984d7b5eb6f8dd5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7963885068893433","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2439822$9C9E440D-2948-4B4E-9E7B-AD4AACF5C427","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2439822","badges":[]}}}}}