{"entities":{"Q2450647":{"pageid":2461390,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2450647","lastrevid":74359269,"modified":"2026-04-14T19:43:40Z","type":"item","id":"Q2450647","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Institutional semantics for many-valued logics"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6295497"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$290E42DB-D2AB-4434-B4B2-1F5F4668C77F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"0a0846c628ba5a93b5051ba7618f8e8364785aa2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Institutional semantics for many-valued logics","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$09076663-32C9-4C22-BC94-8DE112AD9CF5","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"65577e93ca20435b50995095621fca912ca08d9d","datavalue":{"value":"1307.03014","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$A5B6B669-3221-454B-8AA7-C02987EC7D0A","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"2289c57fe71d0e69841efc981491fa17b2cd3710","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":344795,"id":"Q344795"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$689C3B48-BE27-4A23-B73B-881121F71413","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"784d2dc06e2a3bb008e6a3a15801a0f0231d6262","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":65161,"id":"Q65161"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$08BEEA43-5BEF-4386-A167-391B43B193AD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"c152340ac0b0636b94de35321a7f88ea26a273d9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-05-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$BF61AF43-971D-4A03-80E9-7BD43F274E9E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"743b7c0502f3bb676219b3a8cfc85f1e1bff831b","datavalue":{"value":"The concept of institution of [\\textit{J. A. Goguen} and \\textit{R. M. Burstall}, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 164, 221--256 (1984; Zbl 0543.68021)] provides a precise generalization (based in category theory) of the informal notion of ``logical system'' in order to show that some parts of computer science can be done in any suitable logical system. As an example of institutions, one can mention many-sorted equational logic as well as (many-sorted) first-order logic with equality. The present paper provides a many-valued generalization of institutions (Section 3 on pages 37--42), in order to include many-valued logical systems over a residuated lattice [\\textit{P. H\u00e1jek}, Metamathematics of fuzzy logic. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1998; Zbl 0937.03030)] (another institutional generalization in the same direction can be found in [\\textit{P. Eklund} and \\textit{R. Helgesson}, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 161, No. 18, 2354--2368 (2010; Zbl 1229.03062)], which relies on the machinery of partially ordered monads). In particular, the author shows that his new institutional framework (conservatively) embeds a fuzzy extension of multi-algebras as well as traditional first-order many-valued logic (Section 4 on pages 42--48). The paper concludes with two important properties of many-valued institutions, namely, model amalgamation (Subsection 5.1 on pages 48--49) and the method of diagrams (Subsection 5.2 on pages 49--51), the latter introduced by the author in [\\textit{R. Diaconescu}, J. Log. Comput. 14, No. 5, 651--674 (2004; Zbl 1104.03036)].  The paper is well-written, but is quite technical in nature (which can cause a problem for the first reading), and will certainly require from its reader a considerable background on institutions and their methods.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$AD2994F4-64BF-43F1-BAB3-C1085E18BE62","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"bf715f882d7ad0c07303aa3e6e3ac3725da52515","datavalue":{"value":"03B50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$5B2B87CB-DA0D-4A55-85ED-152C4966B935","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"957970e11422fbdef7ba9db5e2b00bc9584e024a","datavalue":{"value":"03G30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$E5BF7EFE-704E-4DE3-9A2C-0326C73CA6A5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f429e3c7fe7f88b4e07fb4bac66273ec87231725","datavalue":{"value":"6295497","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$15A00152-C6F9-4571-8E3B-C584ADB7B689","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9eb4715f416fa9a95bf0749848608bc0e91fb0a1","datavalue":{"value":"amalgamation square","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$18B7C60D-AB19-4D8E-BE78-F6EE17390AF0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5685485f4c27abda29cd481c0486a1adb54b3a91","datavalue":{"value":"category theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$6E277019-6735-441A-AB27-47D7D5EA34DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c9f81fd79d9a404edbf19c987163b4693c5a6aa6","datavalue":{"value":"first-order logic with equality","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$0211015F-F6C7-403F-A2FD-C9C4C670B36F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"120d419375c5e7c33d72dcd937bc8f6005a749d7","datavalue":{"value":"fuzzy multi-algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$FD8F3532-4F8E-44CB-8BA3-B3D8092D8154","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"47e02ac2fdcfcae6ede1dce8b210f5ee684c4dc9","datavalue":{"value":"institution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$4A420CEE-1517-40EF-B113-095E9B2E8E38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"4b838261c78c4ae7442badafeb6cc147e9d09de5","datavalue":{"value":"many-valued logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$8167B568-DF45-401B-8D32-0A612AA60024","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a62bd079b13e99c97c6b715c0390ce8306e4fab4","datavalue":{"value":"method of diagrams","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$AB064D12-C124-45E6-BDAC-8EACDA52CE5D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a179630924df1feb41711402e8ce9e652d85adae","datavalue":{"value":"quantification space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$965ACB66-7616-4CBC-90F4-16FF350DC413","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"871576db775750977e6332ef2b11f3b536053055","datavalue":{"value":"residuated lattice","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$B496352F-60A5-40D5-A59A-59F337F479BA","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"7d067c039d76d8162114efbe354faa93c02c9fe2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":277551,"id":"Q277551"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$66CEF0E4-CA9B-44CE-8D06-2313B0C0C6FA","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"cba2f313ea2959f110ac642e1b84e6e89a9f1c6b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":14779,"id":"Q14779"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$82E7A57F-EB7F-44D8-9217-1B12A515F52F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$F26DD174-36F0-4BC4-8208-F2BC81BAF112","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"facb8a9ce16bc0eaa8078a3fdafd0c29b8e81831","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2012.11.015","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$3AA572CE-BD35-4D14-BC12-A8CADE35CACA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a8ab6cddbc87f8c69cb1b0d1d19c63f202b2f060","datavalue":{"value":"W2021875789","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$369112B4-B777-4906-815E-862C385ECFB1","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e086a84d8dff3b0564902af46437c272b919bbff","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.FSS.2012.11.015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2450647$8E883817-D39C-4B5C-8038-572FECB291AE","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8b6c72e2c218419adb4aa1f1b0aacd99e2fbe040","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4981712,"id":"Q4981712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3e79557715e28ec473131976ed02e8460a403b51","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.907946","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$D304EB23-C1A1-4F2F-8F70-4ACE277EB842","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ce6ff6da84af473a8f4fdb9c5a0d0074cc1d3064","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1272541,"id":"Q1272541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fee3b0a223032120e679e80408b5dfc8fb64c0b0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8962803","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$FEFD48D9-8402-4C51-9B1B-8ACB52A4DB33","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c3a3485e16c0ce5bc90f312d3a36922fd693b02b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4452457,"id":"Q4452457"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e9728dbbece8f507607ce24ea3abf5ded52a3550","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89350736","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$4F14D9DD-D908-4880-BF7E-A8009DF85008","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a68bcbf5ab1b4ee1d90196c628857cae1fe2f0da","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3989936,"id":"Q3989936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b8fe80a181de10ea07510a2b1ac9d67d51ce99e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88784665","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$3BEC8989-E7B4-4BD5-B6F1-EB4D05686C3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dab9f0821d2e7779b9bb5afeb57ab2a584597b35","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4900311,"id":"Q4900311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ed3f41a16a0d0158bdea3c4ec11c49089412a213","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88676625","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$E73E06D1-C745-4375-9B5A-76F8B6A6C6F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6bbc4f7a5e727e0baf9a90d7e857e790f80908a1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4289329,"id":"Q4289329"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ff5442c6c6d811be89b8790855471a5b012924aa","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8860835","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$D5282162-DFE8-49EE-8F30-A4F5D6216234","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9eed5f6a80d4ecb9920cca418a19fb8331e160c1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5906778,"id":"Q5906778"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d32a1dca21737acce714989b16fc9b5d31a2095","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8860833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$A25926E6-3BC9-42F3-93E5-EE73EB5E992E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c67c10f6d271a260613a1d903b680f3f7e2a18f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4532200,"id":"Q4532200"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d32a1dca21737acce714989b16fc9b5d31a2095","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8860833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$B2E36F96-B584-418C-B752-283E6C617B5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c3332c175eea4efb06c945d40d4d3055362ff492","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5915420,"id":"Q5915420"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d32a1dca21737acce714989b16fc9b5d31a2095","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8860833","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$AB14656B-3CF7-481C-9019-542EBD5EF98C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4c9fa5426d3518e7e770e5a5e94ebca5a14d46ba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2842552,"id":"Q2842552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a0e45e52e3708f17001e8f27ab85b4b5ddf59fab","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88470954","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2450647$B04A1D44-AC41-4156-9029-0DDF9E455FCB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Institutional semantics for many-valued logics","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Institutional_semantics_for_many-valued_logics"}}}}}