{"entities":{"Q2452187":{"pageid":2462930,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2452187","lastrevid":72724398,"modified":"2026-04-14T07:02:54Z","type":"item","id":"Q2452187","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Periodic billiard trajectories in regular polygons and closed geodesics on regular polyhedra"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6299153"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$EBFDB3E9-64F3-4D13-982C-3E5E31BA8E27","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"91ba001d46fb9285f386f7422f1e9ef53b2d7927","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Periodic billiard trajectories in regular polygons and closed geodesics on regular polyhedra","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$2B27CB28-AF92-4874-A0B8-D2C57CFF8478","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b38c69d975987d6f757f58d581a0082556bcf27b","datavalue":{"value":"1296.53085","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$FEFC0522-9CAF-4E66-ABE6-5A5E9ED27C11","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$8931F975-26BD-484A-A5BD-1FF96D83769F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"649d29a1af63bfd75156650d4f6dce2ca072e7db","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-05-30T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$760890F4-FEE0-44FE-AEDD-24175B00B4DC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9bc37ef92dc020e5ccad5ebdbc85f3a4132e5dd8","datavalue":{"value":"Move a point along a geodesic with unit velocity inside a face of a regular polyhedron in Euclidean 3-space. As the point hits an edge, we can either continue along another face, as a geodesic, or we can reflect into the same face, as a billiard. The billiard and the geodesic are periodic under exactly the same circumstances. The author raises the problem of relating the periods.   The periods have small integer ratio, but the precise value of that integer is dependent on the particular geodesic. The author has determined previously the relations between the periods in regular tetrahedra and octahedra.   In this paper, he determines these relations for cubes and regular icosahedra, and discusses the problem for regular dodecahedra. He finds a very surprising (for the reviewer) relation to modular groups, with proofs given by explicitly drawing pictures.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$79449BF7-C37D-4A47-9F3D-3F20EA1EC728","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"197868cf5a5084e82791c9d35f645b9c7fc52a0e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":245651,"id":"Q245651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$9BFDDC55-0F83-4960-AC46-784C8C553514","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"31e5f2cab9338e069e06abed12936be0327625a7","datavalue":{"value":"53C22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$1E317B3F-4E64-4331-90B6-C88358361A56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1357f8d566ea110424467e2eac8da015be1c2b2e","datavalue":{"value":"37C27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$0DF78E96-C8FB-447B-B933-30A2B4474172","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"78931806833c54190437f3675cf624ba3d256107","datavalue":{"value":"52B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$890BAF35-2CF9-41EA-B407-66D815053188","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"58beff48569693ba57e082d52120f16b9fbc466a","datavalue":{"value":"6299153","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$BFA9B2D8-F298-485C-9594-EEDE0498CE93","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ec03420c95d3462518bc64d29e5c204dc06ef150","datavalue":{"value":"closed geodesics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$1627CC4D-C12F-40D9-A082-6E9C8A62866D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"46a3341b56c0f3c549470853cded245ba812442d","datavalue":{"value":"periodic billiard trajectories","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$EF3C134D-0844-449E-93DF-D7C81C3A2DE2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"074d0743a348727f71d9c63b0430b8a2be084925","datavalue":{"value":"regular polyhedra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$B74511B1-5909-459B-A9F7-A087FABF34FE","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d3cb03985a5c161d3afe63c3f76ecaa9449468db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169250,"id":"Q169250"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$7DE2107D-B124-4417-B029-B70E652851A1","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$A2C6542D-652F-4537-B273-831D9F12F9B4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"caeb910af212cc25449c747dd988c589fbcb09af","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10711-013-9883-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$176C4E37-EC7D-440E-8249-DEA59A5D93C2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"69d8775300196318acf8e07294804fd4e44e4cec","datavalue":{"value":"W2065747185","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$C4D0CD76-2A59-4882-8A1A-E6736A4F13EA","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e1df6cff2053cac058586211bcbec7d54c918a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4902626,"id":"Q4902626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$FD3933E7-6CD9-49D6-93F6-F04DAEDE463A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"53418ad8410d67e222a85fa1c7caced9db0f3158","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5421078,"id":"Q5421078"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$B228E5C2-8DAD-44F8-98D1-CEB4F554D748","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"54082127cad4be669dea164a776425b5ae375e47","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10711-013-9883-9","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2452187$96EF85A8-DDC9-4994-8013-E9066452A6E9","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"959e95ce06771953a8c15754a01c6b6218e12e52","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2066760,"id":"Q2066760"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"488f0b1e7066ce89e47253e1e72c80c53d49804a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8718801736831665","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2452187$F32E8C6C-E3A8-43E6-BA11-CD998FEFCBB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"aec431be821f0aeeb286247221021fa8d1047017","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3775913,"id":"Q3775913"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"81239694b9984b3a452bfb0eef48364ee90ed43c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8407161831855774","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2452187$0E70ADC3-3AC4-416F-86C6-CE4220E446C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"26dbac4a42b2a85817b93858650538c9e58921c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4902626,"id":"Q4902626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"224d30cf040d8ffb815184de514c467d2e432977","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8375189900398254","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2452187$90E89445-8720-48DD-BC33-90AFC1E3D28F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f3b0e135d3323ca57206ba338a0e1dd0e78d1f5c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3625164,"id":"Q3625164"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"46c2777a061677b38fe1406733105efb98613c48","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8302488327026367","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2452187$275CB233-44E0-42CC-B0CC-1B61CFFE759B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"47bdbc24839bde82c0bfbccb723a52fddf3d3398","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1407952,"id":"Q1407952"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"109e682ec78e57f7abbd5fe136f82428f4c9664f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8234867453575134","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2452187$1BFDBFA3-A7D6-4343-AECB-24BCD58094A7","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Periodic billiard trajectories in regular polygons and closed geodesics on regular polyhedra","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Periodic_billiard_trajectories_in_regular_polygons_and_closed_geodesics_on_regular_polyhedra"}}}}}