{"entities":{"Q2457760":{"pageid":2468503,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2457760","lastrevid":73289610,"modified":"2026-04-14T15:17:30Z","type":"item","id":"Q2457760","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"The uncertainty of fluxes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5204073"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$8EBB19C4-6675-4096-A6FD-BB4E0D8E1BFE","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"1946c5c36ea2813a25323c5b6cefadef9df56456","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"The uncertainty of fluxes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$11E19045-3CD8-4833-B604-7C02A4FBC2BE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"84976fc2b661dd522bf0c24813ac6ec76da557a2","datavalue":{"value":"1126.81045","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$E8321E80-8652-4429-9E60-60441F3D7CA5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b6cf75d8db6ac5bc0271fd8262f5fd7ef45f0dba","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167454,"id":"Q167454"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$B2E3C37D-2F7B-40C7-91DE-029CC8F76C32","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f3710500033e993177d71c304a2893aea6bdc792","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":244587,"id":"Q244587"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$64B61EAF-B50A-456F-84FC-2902A88B4512","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e92f241966741b1a5c884503e8f7d0719c6296fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1840696,"id":"Q1840696"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$C2AB6F83-16EA-4E8F-A00B-470522A4B664","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"74062a62bcb16497befde51af6dcf546af6addde","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":192672,"id":"Q192672"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$9E30BEFE-7A1E-468D-A38E-677941241F63","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b92f17929f5a72155ae3100d6d6310726eec0e95","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-10-23T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$7B0C3DE8-535F-422E-8DAC-0E5A0F92918F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ed92f4251d18744f18bf4f5d82a146527d7b9109","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0605198","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$432D1954-1545-4CE8-8E26-B721EDEC7C9F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"87682450f4d45af01cbf32d477144fc543df439a","datavalue":{"value":"The development of quantum electrodynamics by Dirac (1927) produced rules for the equal time commutator of the electric and magnetic fields as operators while the components of the electric field commute among themselves, and so do the components of the magnetic field. Subsequently, Bohr and Rosenfeld (1933) started discussing thought experiments to verify that electric and magnetic fields cannot be measured simultaneously with arbitrary precision.   The present article extends this discussion in a purely mathematical manner to a situation where the underlying Euclidean space is replaced by a compact oriented Riemannian 3-manifold. The fields under discussion are still free, i.e.\\ electric and magnetic currents are set to zero. The uncertainty discovered this way reflects torsion. Not only does the argument apply to abelian gauge fields in general, but also to the so-called \\(B\\)-field and the Ramond-Ramond field in 10-dimensional superstring theory. Here the quantization is expressed in terms of topological \\(K\\)-theory and it is shown here that the Hilbert space of states is graded by \\(K\\)-theory modulo torsion, hence is \\(\\mathbb Z/2\\mathbb Z\\)-graded.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$0DD81253-8BE8-4FAD-8496-DD238FE48BE3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da5d78236518a2e817fcf1b9e89afb57b38b7f3d","datavalue":{"value":"81T20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$D9D98B36-4C43-42E1-B388-D7875111BADE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3a870078acdd5dbcd0d39ad0ab8c055d65a52495","datavalue":{"value":"81T70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$5F622A75-E078-44FD-AAB0-B91A281166A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"32d56ea55f39becfe87a19bed509ca024b6af5f5","datavalue":{"value":"81T13","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$3E82A3E2-725A-452B-B95A-2CDB48F6F5F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4ae0f2a100d33a51e0cb6dcd09dcb387d6b89526","datavalue":{"value":"58J90","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$0FEE6550-5A1A-4C12-AD77-C456FA8617EA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"380346f3e5a28c48a6663c829aa8c3b692af59ae","datavalue":{"value":"19M05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$CEEC9524-C6B7-45DB-979B-E73E9CC82C3B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"57a265399e10d3e30b7b5779c495d2361379dca8","datavalue":{"value":"81V10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$AC517E9D-770B-4034-8C56-00273C64632F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"84137fae4891257ba00152a84bca46a8beb5c498","datavalue":{"value":"81Q70","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$5152D84E-F2C2-4852-A465-DD4DFAF75C20","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f19801f20921b2052591b69c2d428d73c980d8a0","datavalue":{"value":"5204073","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$7249283C-D4A8-4039-9EE5-66B9A619FCDF","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d903e6b9b63bcd50e8d6f5213405d00e25cda472","datavalue":{"value":"Maxwell theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$76A7EEEB-AEE4-46A5-A734-7AFECB87BD4F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6d498db473e5f3a4c9bcda988f142cb637b22a0e","datavalue":{"value":"quantisation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$5C779B27-D9AA-46B2-ADD7-F329D738FDCE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a7392685582b464c1d5c9dbd54ffa4f334e51096","datavalue":{"value":"curved space","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$CF7D3D74-4B6E-43D2-AD58-E40DF9D5E6D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"22a65884469b1bbe1d84dd2cad89c1f41784d790","datavalue":{"value":"uncertainty relation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$8C9A21E9-B99A-4715-A120-D814605A1544","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"393b54cc09b1d8d230f58f6f12338801cd6d555a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590292,"id":"Q590292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$E7F67E30-BEEA-4215-BF4F-F9DCA428910D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$7E6480C8-3CEB-4A20-AD61-40A7C977A917","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"aea758c141018eb3d0aea6dc7e0a003878e85a29","datavalue":{"value":"W2085541615","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$C6EEF47B-87E0-4C40-A17C-B5B3D7F2ACA3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"06f66f4f840642a760d3d0254a0bd79459a38487","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3757004,"id":"Q3757004"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$5C735D89-1C82-408B-BCCC-2EBFB0CCD85E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e07cd007ebca2bb4dfe4caa7c2200990a0a4e7df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2546920,"id":"Q2546920"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$3E503708-8822-4889-A206-BD0D3A2C4FB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"afbe50c6e67d09d4aeebebb4db70ca19329eb74e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4820350,"id":"Q4820350"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$FA195610-8470-426F-8A8E-0A5F420A207C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8d43fc5822affa34b37c37c1a240e54c906e2325","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":863940,"id":"Q863940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$2EB6FD92-E750-457A-9BE3-A7C75D148BE0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9777f4dc4b9eea6feed03612afc15385441e34b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2494209,"id":"Q2494209"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$E6BA1641-026A-442B-BED9-09117679C3E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea4371bc48304dfb893914f3cc4a6f019b53967a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3754832,"id":"Q3754832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$F789E896-DB09-410D-83AD-13CC928CA349","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"082c8d2eb515c6ee5018f22bece80b375e81c838","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4905314,"id":"Q4905314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$DE9406B0-6E1B-4E6D-800D-834590178EB5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"acea64516a5c4b0cb767e528a0f7b5781edd81ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1363406,"id":"Q1363406"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$A25DEE0F-A3F7-452D-AF19-AE2121B4A193","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e812492bf21300a0f72ad611dc10a06712b0926a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00220-006-0181-3","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2457760$44CEC6F7-2F26-4FF9-95F5-9FAD10037A7A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b27605869ca5fef545d24b07b83ecb7776936bd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":863940,"id":"Q863940"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"40ad54297cbefce8f848b6157c22354a5d676330","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7979405522346497","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2457760$FECC649A-A570-4C9C-870D-5AC674B09E01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1431935a46ba9ba701f70919c2665820dfc97381","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2499069,"id":"Q2499069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0bcfdade0991163161467dab2c2e12facdb7fe65","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7426257729530334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2457760$B297B149-9F17-4799-86B7-CA4B4D18DED0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2333bfe95f8d63b10d33533745defd54b9012f8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4021535,"id":"Q4021535"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d970003ec8a85ee319eaeb9123466e4c8b37184d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.67609041929245","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2457760$5412CF2C-69A9-4038-9D65-1F897EAC15C3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"739d0bb476dfb199e9b249c88541b1ba35cb7237","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":882974,"id":"Q882974"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dbbd6055397e5cd7c5577b867ae99db1f1746a37","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6733027100563049","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2457760$3E48E1FB-F583-488D-9E44-E2DCF7F3BD88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"917478a9b02b261bc943406a6c0a4ecc8794fa4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5484461,"id":"Q5484461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4fc309b35886a649ae32409097a5245144ad5c9d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6728109121322632","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2457760$19D831AC-CE1C-4285-9FDD-98D852A14C92","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"The uncertainty of fluxes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/The_uncertainty_of_fluxes"}}}}}