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Consider a real analytic system of the form  \\[ x'=-y-P(x,y), \\quad y'=x+Q(x,y) \\]   with \\(P\\) and \\(Q\\) starting at least with second order terms. The main result of this paper is: The center of the system is isochronous if and only if there exists a expression of the form \\(F(x,y)=\\sum_{n=1}^\\infty F_{3n}(x,y)(x^2+y^2)^{-n},\\) with \\(F_{3n}(x,y)\\) homogeneous polynomials of degree \\(3n,\\) satisfying  \\[  xQ(x,y)+yP(x,y)=(x^2+y^2)\\left((x+Q(x,y)){\\partial F(x,y)\\over \\partial y}-(y+P(x,y)) {\\partial F(x,y)\\over \\partial x}\\right).  \\]  It is said that second-order isochronism takes place if the center is isochronous and moreover there exits a line through the origin such that the time between two consecutive crosses with this line is half of the period. 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