{"entities":{"Q2461574":{"pageid":2472317,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2461574","lastrevid":57938169,"modified":"2026-04-03T04:11:01Z","type":"item","id":"Q2461574","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Partial and complete observables for Hamiltonian constrained systems"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5215476"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$668D4558-76BF-4411-B992-47B89900618B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"11e1477ab7d747e9208c32e2d9c053ec73e5dfa9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Partial and complete observables for Hamiltonian constrained systems","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$CAD183CE-6EBC-43F3-91CA-7439A59E2BCE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0b7c02a60f07fe49e04a0230ff8c7aec9f6fcab1","datavalue":{"value":"1145.83015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$3FD22C0C-A871-4106-9E85-313E642BCED5","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"66ec31a7c281810c498266d65b0222b97d9393cd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":509900,"id":"Q509900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$E30E6C87-E36B-47F5-90A3-E1493FFA7E14","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"5ede15773d5cae3601e1836405f1764e26cdf905","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":173404,"id":"Q173404"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$0D6C19BD-2069-4DD2-B03B-68FC91AC13B6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f07a6e02313146619eb76647232125f099011046","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-11-28T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$3BC56EEE-2B55-49EA-8B32-9099295AB1E9","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"2696193a681f99cd35463ea6909ce3902cc1dc97","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0411013","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$3B6A22EF-0EB9-464C-8A40-70622710DF0F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"7ee50ecd8da6a5f1b4c010683d1da6a401ba5d58","datavalue":{"value":"The author is picking up the concepts of partial and complete observables introduced by \\textit{C. Rovelli} [in A. Ashtekar (ed.) et al., ``Conceptional problems in quantum gravity'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 126--140 (1991; Zbl 0837.53060)] in order to construct Dirac observables in gauge systems. One generalizes these ideas to an arbitrary number of gauge degrees of freedom. Different methods to calculate such Dirac observables are developed. For background independent field theories one shows that partial and complete observables can define a non-trivial gauge action on the space of complete observables and also states the Poisson brackets of these functions. Additionally one investigates, whether it is possible to calculate Dirac observables starting with partially invariant partial observables, for instance functions, which are invariant under the spatial diffeomorphism group.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$9DE60AF4-FAA3-49BA-94E6-7D30D197A773","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3844e28610d081999fd6a0fed3057fdc960cbc5c","datavalue":{"value":"83C45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$B85C6AE6-6A8B-4AA9-BA81-6ECFAA35BD50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"05e6d68ef527cc607ec5d5d38fcec03ec1b715e7","datavalue":{"value":"83C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$5732824B-7FE6-46E8-A1E9-AD7668F23D69","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a42907891006bff530ffc7a7a3975a6717aea87d","datavalue":{"value":"5215476","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$9DAD78D3-05E3-4D0B-9CE6-2448C978979F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"886be196687c39b06a4115521efa4a321918ef43","datavalue":{"value":"systems with constraints","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$9F545A0F-E9EB-4AE5-A3C3-1F4DFF9C9273","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"eddf9f2f9f9a785c445598e060bd09ded2c07840","datavalue":{"value":"complete observables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$AE9267AE-4E68-489E-8D68-B61C8D1227E1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f8f35e63ff671d257335398e3af0067395ffe0e8","datavalue":{"value":"partial observables","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$EBE9604F-D622-4FB6-800F-8EC09502FF4C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ad346b95e27c3ee411106fd0b9ec9f4ceac33a0e","datavalue":{"value":"partial differential equations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$7E8DB31A-FD82-4787-9855-4909D8B1E195","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5f813dcf265bb4ce49b339e9181cdde30a2d914c","datavalue":{"value":"constraint algebra","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$098B4332-5F61-4104-A7D3-7EAFDAA16EE6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fbd953b9c0ccbb04686a0533f7f06034f4818bb9","datavalue":{"value":"abelization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$CD9C8347-DB87-4F8C-B0B9-0273780DC1EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"16817e560dd5d46e41d043de341fa1144b107372","datavalue":{"value":"bubble-time formalism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$4B99DA8D-58F8-4BB8-9B3D-7C7CBF1AB5C0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5adeb61cf561c09f7c18fe4d706f123b56b29c40","datavalue":{"value":"field theories","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$FB515E14-7574-47EB-B7C2-C663A43C2AB0","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"804b002120aa2ef276957cca22d7e66bf4ac8ede","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590248,"id":"Q590248"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$BDAAF1F5-C0F1-4BBB-9837-30B779F57F7B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$AE24620B-8FA3-4584-8562-DD582E50450F","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"01e01a29b2df28f3414dc5d958df564e6519c392","datavalue":{"value":"W2098215080","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$D8A1B1F7-0D88-4A28-9C3A-97B031C118AE","rank":"normal"}],"P12":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P12","hash":"f2f67ae91d984de0b415c6e1daa0cdc0600cda29","datavalue":{"value":"Q56139205","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$DAE86CF8-50F6-4F9A-8DDD-3A270F28E5C1","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6cfb365f9c9198fef7ca82a443a1fb7198f20c2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5509651,"id":"Q5509651"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$D3F3B9A7-4A32-4960-A310-5D919FDB6347","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bfe565b501979128838a8406e01a60bb41f70a7a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5542063,"id":"Q5542063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$F3F4AB13-DBE5-4E01-BDE5-3FC72628EAAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef15b8a36c5384bbd2d09fefea54f58392ae2c71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3418933,"id":"Q3418933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$3000190F-F973-4871-B99B-F4F6E1511514","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e43be4d528a359358d3a0edad0087d89040bb9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3425151,"id":"Q3425151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$B1CCCC3C-8B78-46D1-8FE8-5C97C18D4DD3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4decf48a7f86dd0dbfaede79935847d936ad1062","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3377868,"id":"Q3377868"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$42DB1C3D-E4B3-4DE0-B728-89AFDAE639D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2d5a2987a2ca6604005b6b9e412b93fb6a64ea7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1200517,"id":"Q1200517"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$99926510-E7B5-4D46-BB42-F56C2C6C0702","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"003a12ff4db0d7d06284d2dc1b4b4d5b61442b9e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4840214,"id":"Q4840214"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$FC2825E0-8A33-46B2-8E9E-F6E45A9D9EA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"894ac6cc76c4c705bf06e6aabcae87878025211a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1822108,"id":"Q1822108"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$A843AF17-5049-4EC3-A9D5-B39F310D9EB7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"57175dcd273b6a058957a2095f1fe2095749705d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1308465,"id":"Q1308465"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$FA896012-B288-4AC0-95FC-541899B92B95","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"00c06ada97723bda1c676c6aa7e986ee203f308c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3433862,"id":"Q3433862"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$741CEA6D-5AE1-483B-B12C-E95646B60DE1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"950d1367eb56d0ecd245e00aa74a72874b173004","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3909512,"id":"Q3909512"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$8C18ADE6-C3A0-4115-842D-987230977CFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1219bff626fa4b92fa57d6088e79a2fdfbae450d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4861862,"id":"Q4861862"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$00C5A9D7-056E-4ABA-9822-96576892A7F8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e1d85eaf3eb5190fe7d35e6b22cb341a3068c1e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5425743,"id":"Q5425743"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$2772380B-31EE-4DEE-A680-C48B8F5402D4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a7e55e73d273f82ede8e77323c73a2ed32a3110","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4470710,"id":"Q4470710"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$B73C1A75-A21B-4DA9-AA71-081102687E92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"79d5d5a490125b0e38dac63091721652a4f897b8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4470711,"id":"Q4470711"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$77460809-2BDD-4081-BF20-53A563F6C1DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6f1d3068525dc242b78e8e36e9c7ac284423a825","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4768670,"id":"Q4768670"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$18469F5A-2CDC-4209-AAB3-6D7C689B70E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9d1200ac6d2c248808e6e93b042c7a9adce0670c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4868864,"id":"Q4868864"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$15F99D96-CE50-4348-94C7-494885B67E05","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f9198eaee552c6ecc8876d72ae5d690ae5983811","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5290731,"id":"Q5290731"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$B60CB86B-2D90-46E7-A9B0-E3EB81B26799","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"305a5897645a12633eafcea8e681a0b9e2359e2e","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S10714-007-0495-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2461574$F0123911-C656-4E3A-BFCA-B5FAC757D827","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5de6f80083f965d5417e083c32b13c5c14971818","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3418933,"id":"Q3418933"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d15a90f230e70bfc1aca6a12e837b1b3e5b412d8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8585959076881409","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2461574$D80A22CF-D666-48D8-9E93-7D79BF162224","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a6ea0482bd55e21b378f80c9c5d0e3a8afff37f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4886901,"id":"Q4886901"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76572243e28bfedd67690300b22ac9aec6ee90c3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.841658353805542","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2461574$C6B659A6-5994-4512-BC76-DAC3B00784DC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d161712553a262c383b68e5949dc2975eb4963be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3602404,"id":"Q3602404"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"71572c36b887a00d0a8dff66f70c43478af427b3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8177889585494995","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2461574$2FD2117C-0290-4FD5-9B4F-5397ED9604B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"141842068401b536a2eb94d133e84a490c160b94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3453057,"id":"Q3453057"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76b31925f60ed38f2a81d3faf380dcd770e6c36a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7911950945854187","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2461574$F2DF5CC6-A024-4F78-BA14-8BF3F6617F5F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"216d86ba62159cb6c96c8a1ad96a404a8ca6d3e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3377872,"id":"Q3377872"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"724669aaaadb56e5598a93a9b91913d5eff43861","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7800373435020447","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2461574$BAB7851D-A5F5-4132-95EF-B286039116F1","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2461574","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2461574"}}}}}