{"entities":{"Q2463611":{"pageid":2474354,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2463611","lastrevid":73328220,"modified":"2026-04-14T15:27:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q2463611","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Polynomial numerical hulls of matrices"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5219837"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$74D5D996-F2A7-4F02-BDBA-E5409B7838DD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fd8b84534a85d704547ce8f6ac2ff59c8033dc33","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Polynomial numerical hulls of matrices","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$B9D854A5-DD40-4858-B3F7-8605C359D5D2","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9c05f15ec11c2a6429e0508aafa08015f172b95b","datavalue":{"value":"1130.15017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$52F031F0-F0A6-4F92-AD32-A98ACF90D6E7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"7f96545b52e7f1ee95f155659f7dc8463d4e2154","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171541,"id":"Q171541"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$86790E39-6775-4402-A0DA-2410472D45A6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"8739c2085a1fc9dc6a908f5b28e986bb272ab63d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171511,"id":"Q171511"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$EF2BF7E9-0BFC-4355-B499-9D6ED904C27B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"69315d3f79a34e3b3ecb6a1695632a0d91cac714","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592866,"id":"Q592866"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$DE05128E-5B74-405F-AC04-E15149CDF330","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"8de031de05325b44570d0c47c3ec8813873d565c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":92813,"id":"Q92813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$EE2C00E2-0752-4E38-9BF2-A1037258308F","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ae1dad72a2794d066ebdd561ca36b0481c57e68a","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-12-14T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$2940EC11-5DB3-473E-BC68-9EB8CA4319B7","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c1d9ae04dfb4f15bd94f852085ee2c72486ea1cd","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(M_n\\) be the set of all \\(n \\times n\\) complex matrices. The polynomial numerical hull of order \\(k\\) of a matrix \\(A \\in M_n\\) is defined by  \\[ V^k(A) = \\{\\xi \\in {\\mathbb C}: | p(\\xi)| \\leq \\| p(A)\\| ~ \\text{for}~\\text{all}~p(z)\\in P_k[{\\mathbb C}]\\}, \\]  where \\(P_k[{\\mathbb C}]\\) is the set of complex polynomials with degree at most \\(k\\). The joint numerical range of \\((A_1, \\cdots , A_m) \\in M_n \\times \\cdots \\times M_n\\) is defined by  \\[ W(A_1, \\cdots, A_m) = \\{(x^*A_1x, \\cdots , x^*A_mx): x \\in {\\mathbb C}^n, x^*x = 1\\}. \\]  It is known that   \\[ V^k(A) = \\{\\zeta \\in {\\mathbb C}: (0, \\cdots , 0) \\in \\text{conv}~ W((A -\\zeta I)^2, (A-\\zeta I)^2, \\cdots, (A-\\zeta I)^k)\\}; \\]   see \\textit{V. Faber, W. Joubert, E. Knill} and \\textit{T. Manteuffel} [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 17, No.4, 707--729 (1996; Zbl 0862.65019)]. The authors use the joint numerical range to study the polynomial numerical hulls. They give an analytic description of \\(V^2(A)\\) when \\(A\\) is normal and use the result to prove that for a normal matrix \\(A\\) with at least four eigenvalues the spectrum \\(\\sigma(A)\\) of \\(A\\) is equal to \\(V^2(A)\\) if and only if \\(V^2(A)\\) is finite. They also show that a unitary matrix \\(A\\) satisfies \\(V^2(A)= \\sigma(A)\\) if and only if its eigenvalues lie in a semicircle including end points. When \\(A = \\text{diag}(1,w, \\cdots, w^{n-1})\\) with \\(w = e^{i2\\pi/n}\\), they determine \\(V^k(A)\\) for \\(k \\in {2}\\cup\\{j \\in {\\mathbb N}: j \\geq n/2\\}\\). A discussion of matrices whose squares are Hermitian is also given.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$187B773F-8CDA-41C1-91AB-9007AF9DB513","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"5d28fa18928405aba2b34cb9dca3e375c956f809","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":244840,"id":"Q244840"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$D9237E2D-CFF2-4A32-AB8A-25C5431384E1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$72BCA676-305E-4B69-AEB1-137562976C0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b353ca9fa5871b5d283994bd1f10d77c55504354","datavalue":{"value":"15A18","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$FCA71E4D-925E-4B04-8EA0-D0ECC5C6C072","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"7d0ac9e224eb71bb934291e1594e7281dff12c0d","datavalue":{"value":"5219837","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$E3AED96E-6260-4E9E-A538-0DF61DC1A91A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0a2d22e6720cc462851fdd3acf80c4ca2ba80576","datavalue":{"value":"polynomial numerical hull","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$7CE6F856-DB03-4C68-95A6-C998C9109027","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b563af8a452eef0cef9a9431594b2460aa11e858","datavalue":{"value":"joint numerical range","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$B8A163A4-C740-439E-B01F-367338405B96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f37cde4b661e8320249f27c82fd86710dd147a53","datavalue":{"value":"normal matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$75A9E501-20A2-42BB-8E5B-D5809482119A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"325812d2169d2788f5bfbaad00bba2cd32fd0e20","datavalue":{"value":"Hermitian matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$B05572CA-A7FE-4267-9D0E-F1756BC000BF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"811604a75801fcd709c8667f83ea26944825b8d2","datavalue":{"value":"eigenvalues","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$B220D2A4-D5E9-4F0F-B4F4-FD0CC59AACAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f499971506bb7d13eebf3a41582911b6f7a30bdf","datavalue":{"value":"spectrum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$55EC15F5-6267-41AF-9750-562E8F70A202","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"13bca38aa7da3ae11b2274441656a904ba05c521","datavalue":{"value":"unitary matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$DA40C8E6-7E13-438A-A4A0-265A8E6F1C1D","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$C00B3CD5-4980-4BFB-A696-78245864E94F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"be3f1066ca3ff229e581c00c1ea268a3e241a6f2","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2007.08.013","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$A972F805-118D-41D3-9432-36819D606350","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e9bb431d2db509389d3bac627e211b8572dd6f60","datavalue":{"value":"W2155803791","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$A1EAAE2C-0890-4C4F-9E2E-2999E199869F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1fe36490a62bb10a432defa0aae587a592487c1f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1826844,"id":"Q1826844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$41132D53-405E-40EB-AA68-53F3A542C746","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6b21e048a64d9f7c65cf27a5fc931c02edc8080","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4717288,"id":"Q4717288"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$654582F1-14EE-464C-9510-EC5C78FB04A9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f328fb6965b788fff641ef3ecd39cd23cb2908da","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1611848,"id":"Q1611848"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$E930D6EE-358A-4146-9AFF-44CC3BA1B582","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0faa91bf7df3ed415cacbe3831ac2b386dc2a308","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4288971,"id":"Q4288971"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$8309463D-4CE4-4D4E-96EE-9873585D2963","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f377c659b1c71ebc3386dede9177c724b8971b7d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4322520,"id":"Q4322520"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$7813FB64-D572-4C20-B37B-7CA6BE0CB7CE","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"d54e9cd7cd7a0848284b3878b40fa1c4bbde74f7","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.LAA.2007.08.013","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2463611$1B75BD04-9D62-4255-B3F9-BBCD21C7DB28","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75807671436576eb340caf5cd04b7462c2ecc56b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1826844,"id":"Q1826844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b91489e894b5f251bb0825cd7d9291222e14f31","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9118464589118958","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2463611$3646E851-CB98-43C7-816E-A50CE69B527E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b924589962aa58e0dd7c9ca14daa79a2e159c05e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3427132,"id":"Q3427132"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"97b3bef832544a17781aa55de7427648cfc70f49","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9017390012741088","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2463611$B9CF2CC7-A9A4-4DF0-8248-74F982BBCD56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"48fd75b05140310ea387a89b61ea2147b38b51d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":610036,"id":"Q610036"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3671aff7de75859ad698f20371df4b159a6bce59","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.899318516254425","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2463611$0146C29B-A084-4E6E-935F-59774E002280","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2de44ce0e69b47c45dec6fb419bb19ba511b9e93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":459235,"id":"Q459235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b821cafb03614dd0025017dbf69d850d4baf22a4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.896327555179596","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2463611$52E618BA-FADE-4259-BBF1-2524D7C2E364","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f1fa6acce3ffb60094cf887381eb9d47bb20da08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3394461,"id":"Q3394461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3aa3b9ef52501706b952c8066be109709386d221","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8912298083305359","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2463611$0627D608-28E8-444B-81AF-81464B4601FB","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Polynomial numerical hulls of matrices","badges":[]}}}}}