{"entities":{"Q2464144":{"pageid":2474887,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2464144","lastrevid":50231396,"modified":"2026-01-13T14:31:29Z","type":"item","id":"Q2464144","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Divergence of \\(C^{1}\\) vector fields and nontrivial minimal sets on 2-manifolds"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5219079"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$55EC2E43-647F-4C9D-813D-02FA38FCB2E5","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3783059df8b24de73e747d816dc50fa52d8dc319","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Divergence of \\(C^{1}\\) vector fields and nontrivial minimal sets on 2-manifolds","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$482798D5-801A-49E3-BB74-3BB7C18CEDD6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3ee86cc761dafc64babb154be4c217ab75311f01","datavalue":{"value":"1133.34029","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$E223980C-75D7-4275-B87A-F65CAB3D29B7","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"804f39ac26ae4f8a1c0042e0cc824dc6062414fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":818363,"id":"Q818363"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$4AAE0116-E904-402E-A449-B615025C3543","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"dbc27535bfcb4e299a598bcfdfab0633ac07a0ef","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169790,"id":"Q169790"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$A3D3354D-DC9F-4D41-BEDC-25033888AC02","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"faa4e2db889e78b8ad508b312ddd6133608474a0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2007-12-10T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$9264DBA7-D2E0-41BD-8BEB-44E83D2647CC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"bc81f05b7e2c4114ffee3f21d7bf17f663580cee","datavalue":{"value":"It is well known that a \\(C^1\\)-smooth vector field on a 2-manifold can have compact minimal sets which are not periodic orbits and are locally homeomorphic to the product of an open interval and a Cantor set (such minimal sets are called nontrivial). The author proves a Bendixson-Dulac type criterion for the nonexistence of nontrivial compact minimal sets of \\(C^1\\)-smooth vector fields on orientable, connected, smooth 2-manifolds.   Let \\(M\\) be an orientable, connected, smooth 2-manifold oriented by a \\(C^{\\infty}\\)-smooth volume 2-form \\(\\omega\\), and \\(X\\) be a \\(C^1\\)-smooth vector field on \\(M\\). Then the divergence of \\(X\\) with respect to the form \\(\\omega\\) is defined as the unique continuous function \\(\\text{div}_{\\omega} X : M \\to {\\mathbb R}\\) such that \\(d (i_X \\omega) = (\\text{div}_{\\omega} X) \\omega\\). It is known that the (local) flow of \\(X\\) preserves \\(\\omega\\) if and only if \\(\\text{div}_{\\omega} X = 0\\). The main result of the paper is following. If there exists a \\(C^{\\infty}\\)-smooth volume \\(2\\)-form \\(\\omega\\) on \\(M\\) such that \\(\\text{div}_{\\omega} X \\geq 0\\) everywhere on \\(M\\), then the vector field \\(X\\) has no nontrivial compact minimal set.   As a corollary of this theorem the author get that all the nontrivial compact minimal sets of a \\(C^1\\)-smooth vector field on an orientable, connected, smooth 2-manifold are contained in the vanishing set of any inverse integrating factor. From this he also obtains the following result: if \\(A \\subset M\\) is a nontrivial compact minimal set of \\(X\\), then every infinitesimal symmetry of \\(X\\) is inessential on~\\(A\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$F30AA072-7885-4476-A2D1-9EDFD837E2AB","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f1e8b6c87faf2ecfea4f1d4479ed0a989f2de014","datavalue":{"value":"34C40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$BBA02817-D3AD-4646-9DC9-2538AE7FC2DF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"54cd98528637b471a0e6dea29adc14993f1cf833","datavalue":{"value":"34C30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$4F3CBDA0-9564-4C72-AB3B-B91569A0E9B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b1deeb735ab866f634fcd22213e8687bcdd332aa","datavalue":{"value":"37C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$8AD99B87-5E67-46AD-A52B-5C27254BAD59","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0a979c5d9b09a1e504ab80d28fbe902b4fa80cc1","datavalue":{"value":"37E35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$93F30192-7DF5-4120-B77D-3A35E6AF7989","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d531b56a98587c1eb2509bf72239c8d3b14c8e6f","datavalue":{"value":"5219079","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$70EC3F12-4BB8-4532-85FC-58010744F51C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6cfa89f113e4b71884e5ba9e8e9e0fde000ccee6","datavalue":{"value":"\\(C^1\\)-smooth vector fields","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$224614E4-64B4-48A4-9E7D-575B7FDA83E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"496b5e97dac5d86034552c378931564556bc4635","datavalue":{"value":"divergence","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$0068C28E-C879-40B5-8B66-522E036752B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2ab18c93d357748509771e9d05c9c5295e24d4d3","datavalue":{"value":"inverse integrating factor","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$47EBC910-D48D-46AB-8EC3-371ED98D604D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0463cc061f8dc31b065e7491a04cfb4f35147509","datavalue":{"value":"infinitesimal symmetry","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$F368BE39-1F96-4EDE-B5F9-1D7965E4DD3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1c18ba1474d0cf68a4a44e511e7c2739dcfa37bc","datavalue":{"value":"nontrivial compact minimal set","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$B6F42A44-0AE6-4BCA-9F30-327846374799","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"920d1ba6991c2d9a66520f1982546371509a6b26","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590145,"id":"Q590145"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$3CD77CC0-9EA4-44F5-9A5C-42F66082713F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$5CAD75DD-8AA9-4ACC-9A48-7294794319EE","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"b6b617ecf65b4d12e18f026eb76eef14cec3f66b","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2007.09.011","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$864D5A1D-3BB1-45F9-9FEC-59FE8777001A","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e3e9b11dc34ee65af289a1f2c2d734e312cfeada","datavalue":{"value":"W2026940929","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$E95E962A-ED57-4E3C-A1D6-FD76EC085290","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7b8818374a5b87ae5d6a02ea48bd31080b3d5d60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3200299,"id":"Q3200299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$11F8C762-C807-4B5B-B838-55530CCD0E21","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"24ced7d37368bf75191907253d48116c255fdb79","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1305490,"id":"Q1305490"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$DB2D05BC-5504-4945-ACFD-7B5F20B53CE4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"800381d00766b2cad280d463378e985ade0cd86f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2757397,"id":"Q2757397"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$7A9E17B1-4797-4FF1-AF95-31569D24752E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f000c294a02f7adff6f37aa6b58106064ff7e596","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2575069,"id":"Q2575069"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$5DACA880-F7CA-4901-AE3D-FFACB7AEE488","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3be86824352c433395378568e13b3a3c1ca132c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4378992,"id":"Q4378992"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$7BEC4445-EEAB-4121-BF56-BC58F4A75144","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f9f912de7615e948e25d4032a0204287e4ae1107","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4724859,"id":"Q4724859"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$F51011A8-ADF7-494A-8F1D-E7B4760ED4B0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9f741b8b0772302c94a69c77efe2f82d39b9157","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3264374,"id":"Q3264374"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$A797B69A-3107-4F31-B42E-5CCA77D751B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e0e30b24894b1b6c02757e23e791d29f7a13f37f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5724969,"id":"Q5724969"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$1A60F26A-C706-4E92-A2D0-9392F8087B01","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2146644d26baadb0041be71844b61c63cf9eb875","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1213219,"id":"Q1213219"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$BF932E78-5A21-467D-9D3F-666BFF0D7B5A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"e5c25965e30ddabb81e1e78f7f15cc49531c4d6d","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JDE.2007.09.011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2464144$50F85ABD-87CD-400D-ADD3-6AA610372E41","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bc1da9526916f2e2045567682b0b6b4b11d2e436","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3791935,"id":"Q3791935"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8b944bcc2e74957634f217dbb45e9d21d080b754","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7344597578048706","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2464144$CDC32A1F-BA79-49C8-9ECE-53B4451D8EA4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ca1d87d572b73660199692efc2cb3546220ea593","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3200299,"id":"Q3200299"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3e52ffedae7957868ced8fcf59ff55163e1bbb8c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.731383740901947","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2464144$B8CE008A-12EC-463F-93E8-36D7989AD08E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"30e6d8fd54d973048a7d026d3430d7e1f2e6fbaf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1764503,"id":"Q1764503"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"12d7ed0969b74b74fd48f47e3d118366dcd29bff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7107428312301636","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2464144$759DCFDF-A5AA-4292-A01D-E6E79876AE32","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a902f6885a2a441db089e7fb1e280d8e6b98faed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1569774,"id":"Q1569774"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be265c3b8ccb59443886ff715ebfdb764f4181ba","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7097272276878357","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2464144$F2222469-E208-4E0C-A284-85130C474A8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a3bdbfbc8be043c07a1f1011af1fba7ac5684031","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":696086,"id":"Q696086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9c5863bfbfb69b6f37ff3b220667c2fba0c7ea65","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7089756727218628","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2464144$4B2D5B31-9EA9-495B-B529-8A54C6E6352F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2464144","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2464144"}}}}}