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In this paper it is shown that if \\(G\\) has order \\(n\\) and \\(S\\) is a global defensive alliance in \\(G\\) such that the subgraph \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) induced by \\(S\\) is planar, then: if \\(n>6\\), then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+12)/8\\rceil \\); if \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) is triangle-free then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+8)/6\\rceil \\); if \\(n>4\\) and \\(S\\) is strong, then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+12)/7\\rceil \\), if \\(S\\) is strong and \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) is triangle-free then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+8)/5\\rceil \\). In particular, if \\(G\\) is planar, these inequalities hold for \\(\\gamma _{a}(G)\\) and in some cases, these bounds are attained. In the case when \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) is planar connected with \\(f\\) faces then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n-2f+4)/4 \\rceil \\); if \\(S\\) is also strong then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n-2f+4)/3\\rceil \\). In the case when \\(| S| >2\\), \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) is planar and its minimum degree is at least \\(k\\) or \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) is triangle-free and its minimum degree is at least \\(k\\) corresponding lower bounds are obtained. If \\(T\\) is a tree of order \\(n\\) and \\(S\\) is a global defensive alliance in \\(T\\) such that \\(\\langle S\\rangle\\) has \\(c\\) components, then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+2c)/4\\rceil \\); if \\(S\\) is strong, then \\(| S| \\geq \\lceil (n+2c)/3\\rceil \\).   Similar results are also deduced for global offensive alliances or for dual alliances (alliances which are both defensive and offensive). If \\(\\gamma _{ad}\\) and \\(\\gamma _{ads}\\) denote the corresponding numbers for dual alliances, it is shown e.g., that if \\(T\\) is a tree of order \\(n\\) then \\(\\gamma _{ad}(T)\\geq \\lceil (n+2)/4\\rceil \\) and \\(\\gamma _{ads}(T)\\geq \\lceil (2n+7)/5\\rceil 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