{"entities":{"Q2472836":{"pageid":2483579,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2472836","lastrevid":50287064,"modified":"2026-01-13T18:21:10Z","type":"item","id":"Q2472836","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Nilpotent closed subsets of association schemes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5240295"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$685BF33B-3DAB-4605-B293-8A037DA64260","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"95460ec10cadb41fd68178cebdf1ad0e66eb56b2","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Nilpotent closed subsets of association schemes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$EC460E71-14B4-4C77-ADBA-F5622E6C7C4C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"56a5bb9771aa101444d7759fe42c0b2ec655878d","datavalue":{"value":"1136.05075","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$23E46B04-CFB8-4BC8-9768-62545F5AE395","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"6f4641f71b15fb07f206f3a60e2d1617c149df85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":297506,"id":"Q297506"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$2C1C5D7C-847E-4536-96BC-BF1D0719C4DD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"b113bc4ac7ed430093230b872c083cde59919509","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166287,"id":"Q166287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$3E5BFEED-3075-41E3-AF04-930D195382AF","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f94f0be27258bda14ae2c330969e222eb23a8c5e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2008-02-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$093373EF-DE31-40AE-A1FC-3BD565DF686E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"81c19d1f1247447754e0608a85b478bee64094b2","datavalue":{"value":"For each finite set \\(X\\) and \\(r\\subseteq X\\times X\\) we set \\(r^*=\\{(x,y)\\;|\\;(y,x)\\in r\\}\\) and \\(xr=\\{y\\in X\\;|\\;(x,y)\\in r\\}\\) where \\(x\\in X\\). Let \\(X\\) be a nonempty finite set and \\(G\\) a partition of \\(X\\times X\\) which does not contain the empty set. The pair \\((X,G)\\) is an association scheme if it is satisfies: {\\parindent=8mm \\begin{itemize}\\item[(i)]\\(1_X=\\{(x,x)\\;|\\;x\\in X\\}\\) is a member of \\(G\\); \\item[(ii)]for each \\(g\\in G\\), \\(g^*\\) is a member of \\(G\\); \\item[(iii)]for all \\(d,e\\in X,f\\in G\\), \\(|xd\\cap ye^*|\\) is constant \\(a_{def}\\) whenever \\((x,y)\\in f\\).  \\end{itemize}} For each \\(g\\in G\\) we abbreviate \\(a_{gg^*1_X}\\) as \\(n_g\\), which is called the valency of \\(g\\). For all \\(D,E\\subseteq G\\) we set  \\[ DE = \\bigcup_{d\\in D,e\\in E} \\{f\\in G\\;|\\;a_{def}>1\\}. \\]  Let \\(H\\) be a nonempty subset of \\(G\\). Then we set \\(n_H=\\sum_{h\\in H}n_h\\), called the valency of \\(H\\). We call \\(H\\) closed if \\(HH\\subseteq H\\). We shall write \\(H\\leq K\\) if \\(H\\) and \\(K\\) are closed in \\(G\\) with \\(H\\subseteq K\\). Let \\(H\\leq K\\leq G\\). We shall write \\(H\\triangleleft K\\) if \\(k^*Hk\\subseteq H\\) for each \\(k\\in K\\). Let \\(p\\) be a prime. We say that \\(H\\) is \\(p\\)-valenced if \\(n_h\\) is a power of \\(p\\) for each \\(h\\in H\\), and \\(H\\) is a \\(p\\)-subset if \\(H\\) is \\(p\\)-valenced and \\(n_H\\) is a power of \\(p\\). We say \\(H\\) is thin if \\(n_h=1\\) for each \\(h\\in H\\). We say \\(H\\) is a Sylow p-subset of \\(K\\), if \\(H\\) is a closed \\(p\\)-subset of \\(K\\) and \\(n_k/n_H\\) is prime with respect to \\(p\\). We say that a closed subset \\(M\\) is nilpotent if, for each \\(H<M\\) and each prime divisor \\(p\\) of \\(n_m/n_H\\), there exist \\(L\\leq M\\) such that \\(H\\triangleleft L\\) and \\(n_L/n_H=p\\). Theorem. Let \\((X,G)\\) be an association scheme and \\(M\\leq G\\). Then \\(M\\) is nilpotent if and only if \\(M\\) is the direct product of Sylow p-subsets of \\(M\\) where \\(p\\) ranges in the set of prime divisors of \\(n_M\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$D1EDB4CA-4CA4-4495-BF1C-B8BB5EC58A6E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"98259a5dd4d8db83a95d10edc3bf87986357d020","datavalue":{"value":"05E30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$CD5D32F8-4F68-433E-9AF7-A8C4367FE4AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"677f074949b6912a3d5be9a52164e3a800597639","datavalue":{"value":"20D15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$6280A2E2-0472-41AF-A502-52B4AAC7523B","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f6635d4e2481e1b8962aef965c2081e2fa11e17e","datavalue":{"value":"5240295","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$193B08B5-AA72-4A24-AD69-7E3D9E7D7235","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5dbfac6f6d99ab471651cb3d80965dbda8c7c7b6","datavalue":{"value":"association scheme","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$E68A688C-548D-4D0F-9388-E34EE247792C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"972867796c9752c4ded348e76ced1663ee87c5a3","datavalue":{"value":"closed subset","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$CB27B60C-1864-4570-BFD6-3B6437FC84DC","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"fda9acac94227ec6a4d94bfacd7faa6594c90e71","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1669732,"id":"Q1669732"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$91E0BC7F-A57F-4CB2-B93A-69A7970EF0B4","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$7F21EC9A-0132-4618-8365-F3E90AD6F6D2","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"bd6aabc6a734e02a30730d0024d3896aca7a3a5a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2007.02.004","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$B780275E-3C9F-49CC-B246-0C7E21AF7F26","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"2a3bd5cc076bb586635d1014f5db397c2aa047d7","datavalue":{"value":"W2013134538","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$CEA7D07C-2FDA-4A07-9018-8C80FC851792","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a4b935ff8f4ff591374f4bd5a5e3eaee606ca8bc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1772215,"id":"Q1772215"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$D5AD4F80-77E7-4339-95BD-3A5A20F8EAFF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c40d92adc7b0b0e88d7def7013b9e7cb7223af43","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1401555,"id":"Q1401555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$05DDA91E-5B7E-4821-A460-9B3C4810914E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"567d31483538e662cc0e21d47de5c659029c798f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2494269,"id":"Q2494269"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$D3A9CAB9-44C3-4611-8B92-F7596923A308","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e8e1fe007dbf4a326b8a4f3dbe5cac49cc6554e0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1865611,"id":"Q1865611"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$E13B4929-8530-45D0-BD6A-F6E3B3D29EAE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d2d55f38442c67005b787badb07754b0230f5d8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1384612,"id":"Q1384612"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$136ECC37-F811-4DED-BA91-AAF87F9AA388","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"141794a00237295986f00275c27aee9706b73f5b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1241450,"id":"Q1241450"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$42B28B95-6CCA-4426-A78A-94DF24CAB6D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2ed97bfcd290b4a32f349cc9ace252330e66d8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1922107,"id":"Q1922107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$42B5F751-563A-466B-86FB-0B9056405B5E","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1bfe9dc9aeb88e6a8350de82f28dc6a4323cfa6a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.EJC.2007.02.004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2472836$AB09317C-AE30-4A90-9754-56E0F7037200","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"04ad74029283405fd82ad828d7b5ca418145a033","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2474492,"id":"Q2474492"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c161642358ad17cc8d3b57fbde5c88e71449acc0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8492376208305359","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2472836$E4CBB0DF-7D40-4066-8B26-20FE9E059F1B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51b9191f90582e90aa4601072b927fd55b53e210","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2440942,"id":"Q2440942"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b7e362ea8a1573fcc26b957c0b596423ca90b0cd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7494802474975586","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2472836$79B1CC23-8D05-45CB-8DD5-A070BBA3A12C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6daf8fc58fad59e37c20d431d4db9a3038874211","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1865611,"id":"Q1865611"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"548828e3c89c331beda59797b41c9155d2b6e7c0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7481008172035217","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2472836$DE383034-0713-4CA0-9E6B-7F2A97473519","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d108a2ddad5329bb19e7d8f50d667f9f97ed10fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2757498,"id":"Q2757498"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e3caa67da0f9ef42dd944c5a43405ad07ff5d95d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7475848197937012","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2472836$DD178969-D645-449D-9E24-3E468E326846","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f9807d2e9f821d17b47d4d86bebb2da01917db37","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3370850,"id":"Q3370850"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f1e9305b0b6447952b6920f86e9c7b5a47dab474","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7353125214576721","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2472836$D9DDCBF9-2D98-4D49-B454-A4D390C92B9A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2472836","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2472836"}}}}}