{"entities":{"Q2474156":{"pageid":2484899,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2474156","lastrevid":78956249,"modified":"2026-05-06T12:49:18Z","type":"item","id":"Q2474156","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the Klein-Kroll types of flat Minkowski planes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5242794"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$3FCC71DC-B55B-470A-8130-554EF6952F41","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"459bfcb697d9bb69b417758c278db5ed72258593","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the Klein-Kroll types of flat Minkowski planes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$C42EF97A-3A3F-4E75-9798-86BA4A1F1E1A","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"3ea55ba9da607592cd12a7aba8726ee32caed6bf","datavalue":{"value":"1155.51009","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$6058F068-20FD-4182-B642-594C3E558D7F","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ed6519af38b334a3785de35ccc6dc42d59103698","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":268474,"id":"Q268474"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$EA27CE44-3816-46E9-94D5-6A683DAFE080","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7946688d25c7526bf38e6f25dde02f73646d21e5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":206518,"id":"Q206518"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$B6774345-33D5-4216-B7AE-FBAA5BDD2E9B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"320775bc8330b9df723b904d964cd89baad4e710","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2008-03-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$1F4886A2-9583-41C2-AA91-4DA4C0F9C866","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"198b62fe6e0228c35fb36793192af99a8fa58867","datavalue":{"value":"According to the Klein-Kroll classification of discrete Minkowski planes 32 different types of planes are possible. Among these types the author identifies those 14 types which are possible for flat Minkowski planes \\(\\mathcal M\\):  To this end, the author examines (i) \\(q\\)-translations, where \\(q\\) is a point of \\(\\mathcal M\\) (ii) \\(G\\)-translations, \\(G\\) a parallel class of \\(\\mathcal M\\), (iii) \\((p,q)\\)-homotheties, where \\(p\\) and \\(q\\) are two non-parallel points of \\(\\mathcal M\\). His results are:  (i) For the set \\(Z\\) of points \\(q\\) which induce transitive \\(q\\)-translations in the derived affine plane \\({\\mathcal A}_q\\), \\textit{M. Klein} and \\textit{H.-J. Kroll} [J. Geom. 36, 99--108 (1989; Zbl 0694.51005] identified types I to VII. The author shows that types V and VI are not possible for flat Minkowski planes.  (ii) Six types A, B, \\dots, F of \\(G\\)-transitivity are known to be possible, [loc. cit.]. The author proves (Prop. 4.4) that type \\(E\\) is not possible.  Combining (i) and (ii) gives 10 types of Minkowski planes, cf. Theorem (4.12) in [loc.cit.], of which only the 7 types I.A, I.B, I.D, II.A, III.C, IV.A and VII.F are possible for flat Minkowski planes (Prop. 4.6).+  (iii) According to \\textit{M. Klein} [J. Geom. 43, 116--128 (1992; Zbl 0746.51009)] there are 23 situations 1, 2, \\dots, 23, which may occur with respect to \\((p,q)\\)-transitivity in a Minkowski plane; but only 9 of these are possible in a flat Minkowski plane (Prop. 5.6).   Combining these results gives 32 possible types in general, and the author's main result (Theorem 5.8) that all flat Minkowski planes must be of the following 14 Klein-Kroll-types: I.A.1, A.2, A.3, B.1, B.10, B.11, D.1, II.A.1, A.15, III.C.1, C.18, C.19, IV.A.1, VII.F.23.  In some of these cases there is only one family of flat Minkowski planes up to isomorphism (Prop. 5.9). For instance, planes of type VII.F.23 are classical, planes of type III.C.18 are certain planes defined by \\textit{R. Artzy} and \\textit{H. Groh} [J. Geom. 26, 1--20 (1986; Zbl 0598.51004)], and planes of III.C.19 must be Hartmann planes [cf. \\textit{E. Hartmann}, Geom. Dedicata 10, 155--159 (1981; Zbl 0454.51004)]. Examples for all other types, except II.A.15, are given.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$B541AAEA-8105-45CF-AC6C-0FABAF9754F2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9af7f764f0e184900cbab1cb0ec4373eb2e10dbe","datavalue":{"value":"51H15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$BF7C2EAB-66AA-46AA-A259-052AA0641822","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"9e3f1786b9425ac29a9576d3a7ba26bcdae64acc","datavalue":{"value":"51B20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$BCE774CE-A54A-48A8-BA93-EED2D4840616","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"c66be3aecf12b7b17c421860f05ff6ce3c0aa827","datavalue":{"value":"5242794","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$72BBC803-5EC2-48B0-BE01-FF455D43C62A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"88879e0622bc228a6c63d5c22b35474e00a468f9","datavalue":{"value":"flat Minkowski plane","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$4DAD8CAE-EEEA-4D79-9B0B-4B7308DB7239","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c992651d7767b53ccb96ffa19276b64f73783f15","datavalue":{"value":"central automorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$48B4A598-DA07-4786-AA5B-63AD10231797","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f11c1d676a15dc08e899fdf5e26e2c8ec9be8215","datavalue":{"value":"Klein-Kroll type","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$03B72435-9F18-440C-8DE9-3AA538AB9FC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5c39703818a94279b932080530bde306bdec351a","datavalue":{"value":"Artzy-Groh plane","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$6D09CB46-619D-421C-B60C-62DC1C1AF5FB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"94991f9b1ae567b3044d16309369ec0129cc230d","datavalue":{"value":"Hartmann plane","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$228D29D6-F59B-4467-8F21-B15D7F5601A5","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"adec00be824bd247cdea1af83bd0dad28a9541c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":588356,"id":"Q588356"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$8CD30180-049E-4D56-BB74-3F821FAF4DED","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$FD0B4CC2-D150-4101-AC1F-657A9DF09371","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"ae43299906adfa4767aadf61dfe6591564b2c404","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00022-007-1913-z","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$DF9284CB-AB75-4AEF-8A82-E43FD328E3DC","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"1acd4b0b583fabd4e663e86111e02201def0df12","datavalue":{"value":"W2097824122","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$A3862E00-AED5-4E55-A806-9713D4C6FA3F","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f02606c487806fee011c45343476f797030942bc","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00022-007-1913-Z","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2474156$84A6F751-F2FF-4152-B81D-8DBE7D3D777F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c1830e732e3acde4919005a3c1642b8040d64cae","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":268475,"id":"Q268475"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"da30f75e75a75fae77a8ea87413ee6cbc5c83f67","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8260547","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$C8A8D60E-3912-4159-8B54-61E166961C61","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f5689abcca7c8ca52e158289a37871f5b6ac55b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1184579,"id":"Q1184579"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f84f8c72011d4df45a5ea3645dfdd9c75e83e123","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.79289585","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$1632CB89-F659-4781-BE5B-7EDA4E3B2322","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f548859b1dd1aac9fd66f78ef7055677a50c76c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5954169,"id":"Q5954169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"99c5085ed1ab0df145b9ff4b68c0c204d4ae3a40","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78705764","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$33F78C8A-E2A0-4B8A-B402-45B821DBC9B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec79d1b0219502088c8395b6f458e02a3c08172a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2312377,"id":"Q2312377"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c0fb2eeda586415d1976537b8dec6fdfe2a804e5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7779626","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$B25D807D-D29E-48C2-94C5-C710F6D5C65D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cf8ef198afcc29165638fa796b93f0417112f274","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1945671,"id":"Q1945671"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"15f7decf6c7d9c30951f34c7836f426dd551bc13","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7596529","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$CFD9E715-FD7C-4CC2-99E1-44071B37FC26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"716bdca834013cea11649a31d2cfc4ea57429dc9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2134008,"id":"Q2134008"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0c8af6fc4d52e35d60e4b2b09036f09605f76ede","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7447218","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$C893115F-BABA-4182-92A6-8D1E50B84A72","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"caab16c10bbba37cd4464d8dd5302076d1fb4d90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":998230,"id":"Q998230"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8252f48b6720261765fbf655987f8a9c57cf0eeb","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74181044","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$8B3A53F6-5A76-4B94-9564-2D46CADD6EC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8753fc4b95afeac0184d4abf6b95a0315ce6f5ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1923654,"id":"Q1923654"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d42669099e8f8f33b6e0d4642bd414eaa3d836c5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7379728","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$ECA807AE-6E3D-4C61-BD11-772771FA6097","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d47041efdf29370f589879e7d15f5c5cb3845854","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1900110,"id":"Q1900110"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e0a94cdebcb04d9dabce00a2c874fcff5b2627c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73782015","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$5823614E-D842-4CAC-9CA0-47CB056F919A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15c1dedec75c567aacc0ea1607298ed47577a847","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":756701,"id":"Q756701"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"17bc6a9d6399e8f21c3109000c03b66953cda1a2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7354698","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2474156$722A4826-7BDF-4258-87DC-84CE2A69B8FF","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the Klein-Kroll types of flat Minkowski planes","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_Klein-Kroll_types_of_flat_Minkowski_planes"}}}}}