{"entities":{"Q2482296":{"pageid":2493039,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2482296","lastrevid":44173887,"modified":"2025-11-20T14:16:21Z","type":"item","id":"Q2482296","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Unknotting singular surface braids by crossing changes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5264713"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$82202A92-2237-451A-9533-67F3BB66AA24","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6795b7d6ccdd9a7baee8942c6a214ca00d9c9171","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Unknotting singular surface braids by crossing changes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$F235DA69-181A-408D-9E08-7EE3D7ABCF04","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b9e590153de6c91cd699fbe1a90b1c867102a5db","datavalue":{"value":"1143.57011","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$2C453666-1DB1-4B8F-AB58-DE1B97BF12C6","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"b375069c4999a029b1ae3b1efc85acf4dfbc5539","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":409561,"id":"Q409561"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$2AB1241A-D4B8-431C-B022-9B39E2575BC0","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"903611b45fdefcb5db6a1d6c4d381fc130c82383","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189326,"id":"Q189326"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$26C0E6E6-9E0A-4168-B26A-CA7583C8E27B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"6a5658e642f3500324f78b23f55b5ff809190c23","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2008-04-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$4D804393-EE4B-4CC8-B406-0EB7DF3FD96E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"44236cbe7d35423d7c7f332268eb2383996b6c89","datavalue":{"value":"https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ojm/1205503556","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$BF3426F4-0B42-43CD-8D12-A4156EF612ED","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"c14f1197671b0fec788412933c7051c2f976b1d3","datavalue":{"value":"A singular surface link is a closed oriented immersed surface \\(S \\subset \\mathbb R^4\\) whose singularities are transverse double points. Moreover, \\(S\\) is called a singular surface braid if it is contained in a tubular neighborhood of the standard sphere \\(S^2 \\subset \\mathbb R^4\\), in such a way that the canonical projection \\(S \\to S^2\\) is a simple branched covering (up to desingularization). It is known that any singular surface link is isotopic to a singular surface braid.   A crossing change consists in creating/deleting two opposite double points, by a finger move along an arc between different sheets of a singular surface braid, producing in this way another singular surface braid.  The main result of the paper is an unknotting theorem for singular surface braids in terms of crossing changes. The proof is based on a diagrammatic argument on the chart presentation of singular surface braids. This provides a new approach to an analogous unknotting theorem for singular surface links by \\textit{C. A. Giller} [Ill. J. Math. 26, 591--631 (1982; Zbl 0476.57009)].  A second result concerns the finite type invariants of singular surface braids associated with crossing changes. It says that these invariants are completely determined by the number of sheets, the Euler characteristic and the number of (signed) double points for each component.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$518CC0D3-6886-4EF4-9730-614DEEE1087B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"184d524e979b9f553cee2cbc7ca04394f3b78023","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166165,"id":"Q166165"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$A3220BAD-C668-4C42-82D2-66B044A1627E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0c2006fdeaf42198f4701ed610cae7ff6f18d18b","datavalue":{"value":"57Q45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$FF89FB92-0A87-4F30-BA6A-2D036CE43DCF","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"d41d73f4b6b8bc53e4309c16a5cf6ba42f90fc1a","datavalue":{"value":"5264713","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$B87ADDB2-10A1-4E48-955A-CD535D0E600F","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"119cdc53836f0b3d019d776c067f083ec425c58d","datavalue":{"value":"singular surface link","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$0655DAA0-50E2-416A-B1DA-DA6B3FCC55A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8a003886a5d697e6a0b7e9f8d271b2df4ee79ac2","datavalue":{"value":"singular surface braid","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$F1D2F042-5A15-43B4-91D5-59EC4E69205C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3e8ea009ca5188c94806cbb3bd961153e545a47b","datavalue":{"value":"crossing change","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$6293C776-F3B2-4C53-ABA5-6104B4C0FEEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"9aac794b6235ea05fb078914931f717e4801a308","datavalue":{"value":"unknotting","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$D93348CC-EC7D-4E8E-8721-EB6D21AB8F64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bccc50c802bd79817ce5c4b47a3013b6cc5a8590","datavalue":{"value":"finite type invariant","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$A844AEC7-F651-47B1-A98D-162188AD5C99","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$E274E84C-EE3D-4894-A5D3-6E574E264C0C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ae7e7c7bd3530046ba8cce9151e116d4dcb2e71c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1424029,"id":"Q1424029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$2A2239A8-AE25-4F64-8B03-F9AC05E6114F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"13e2236080c9461bb4708efa0014f034a0d3050b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1160461,"id":"Q1160461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$0555AFE7-BE3D-4955-9112-ACD4B3E5321B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"28073e35659a0c708b19e358c4b57301fbe9c74b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4472805,"id":"Q4472805"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$90B5813A-4C6D-4C8F-8F23-BE6F10BCFDEF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dd8654fc4cc4a519066e128c9e250481d43afac7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4343782,"id":"Q4343782"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$4E3D7F2E-7BE3-4693-A5B5-3E6806C6600E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d15f3367aba62f0a57aa9cdcee16c0bc86201e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4388262,"id":"Q4388262"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$A67D04F1-2A87-469C-BE2C-9454F966D6EE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0b826d125e567f91e9ac1cd5bd0a6951b0ddc5a9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4234979,"id":"Q4234979"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$5F101376-06FD-43C4-B576-A45680413B96","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f9dd0cf3e9ddb0c8cdbeea66d50c14703b7ce477","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1282247,"id":"Q1282247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$C48771AD-88AE-4765-86ED-8C962EA09EE2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dc7438f9b72a06004ccc6822db7297deafa3a754","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4257677,"id":"Q4257677"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$BDE1B99F-1F70-4A33-83B4-C868324CD1A0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e397b9a4d4a21b918fcbc420851e45c1b1f07b8e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4542028,"id":"Q4542028"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$A78B9379-DE6C-4DA7-8A6D-C364D71AC32C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bb795348a5f9072d9bb0cbe0607cbf1cce181119","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1612205,"id":"Q1612205"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$CB19A03A-BA05-4457-9E1B-89B7740B6A80","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"64337374c2be30bdf1d3a39231187cb04d3fb9a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1056091,"id":"Q1056091"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2482296$D071BBCA-7974-4292-8E39-BE376282661B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ffd1bfb4ed03850f461cad3d574517cfbb85d84f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1282247,"id":"Q1282247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"04787a3b326a13f47d90b1c177083b961f15b504","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7631022","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$107DD446-17C2-4B95-9205-8E136D76C1C1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"38b5d2bd5fdc2313345eff96a10b7766c8ee0b1d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":387221,"id":"Q387221"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c4a581bf321d0fee66adfdf89249aa717b4286bc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7526109","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$5E35D907-8E84-4DB7-A4A7-368404EDB885","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ee2eb375346c938c2e82096015f016d623e882e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2405074,"id":"Q2405074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"57c24e1c811a357f487c3b797fff186135436338","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73631454","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$0E991C8A-1AD5-42A5-ABD9-E220A841A59E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"262691595adf2b6666778ddf5102f3f32cf5cff9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":874840,"id":"Q874840"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ccbfc155468614771b26e807b273101f3d94c675","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73396546","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$654EEE2C-E6ED-4221-8768-C6A821DA13F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ba83713ed303ac6dc11fa20a03b46740727139e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5345804,"id":"Q5345804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"193300e86aa186b7cb7f078082798de5eb6ca2f5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7285548","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$7273CD84-BCF7-41B6-8D79-8DA6FA39499A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7db979199ced6e9e66a0f729bccda99565f12852","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4639051,"id":"Q4639051"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be5464a9ab2e94576bae815d7bcf84b7099c5815","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7270739","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$E7CD0CBD-46DC-4940-B21E-A393175B5DE7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d29020a1db1e5c0e8a0b61adb3dca9f0772777fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2725549,"id":"Q2725549"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9fd4be78dfa31a3164fc056f8ce094761260628a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7258746","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$2E7633BB-AB1E-498F-B6C4-FFBB5597E5FD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a66964f330c82d682d042fa94b2e43fd0a3b9d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2833314,"id":"Q2833314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7222b18a298c7a22bc4a5db607aae107efb08d2a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7188608","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$791B7F61-4A94-4F9D-8776-1976205F6C66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"43cfa397e91092831a82fcaf63137d29bd6245d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1769148,"id":"Q1769148"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e34ab080ff51fd2b374c13be1d2b6ff59d15f9cc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7178391","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$99F02E54-27BC-4F5F-A2B7-97E5F353DF8A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3121ecf642bf5574902526cf7bd8c493f607e915","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1647359,"id":"Q1647359"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb34e54961e56d239a034e78c1a8303dcdd3af61","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70506656","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2482296$724C9F6F-ADD1-4E1A-8229-50F6A40D33DD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2482296","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2482296"}}}}}