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Suppose that \\(p\\equiv 1\\pmod 4\\) is a prime such that \\((d/p)=1\\) (the Legendre symbol). Many mathematicians tried to characterize primes of this form such that \\(\\varepsilon_d\\) is a quadratic residue modulo \\(p\\). For example, the author did so in [J. Number Theory 113, 10--52 (2005; Zbl 1101.11003)].   Here the author considers more generally the value of \\(((b+\\sqrt{a^2+b^2})/2)^{(p-1)/2}\\pmod p\\) in case \\(p\\equiv 1\\pmod 4\\) and \\(p\\) does not divide \\(a(a^2+b^2)\\) and further assuming that \\(p\\) is represented by a certain quadratic form. As an application he obtains simple criteria for \\(\\varepsilon_d\\) to be a quadratic residue modulo \\(p\\). He also establishes congruences for \\(U_{(p\\pm 1)/2}\\pmod p\\) and obtains a criterion for \\(U_{(p-1)/4}\\) to be divisible by \\(p\\), where \\(U_0,U_1,U_2,\\ldots\\) is the Lucas sequence defined by \\(U_0=0\\), \\(U_1=1\\) and, for \\(n\\geq 1\\), by \\(U_{n+1}=bU_n+k^2U_{n-1}\\). 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