{"entities":{"Q2486676":{"pageid":2497419,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2486676","lastrevid":48525466,"modified":"2026-01-05T02:53:41Z","type":"item","id":"Q2486676","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Rounding error analysis of the classical Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2193420"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$9CACBFE8-84C2-4634-93FA-DC445194F76F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"09ea0c921da499fb46fd117aaa8c4c45e0632a8a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Rounding error analysis of the classical Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$9A25C782-6A3D-4B1E-8012-4374547BD48F","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"dfa426f629c9743c14a6c06198aeb7093c607e83","datavalue":{"value":"1075.65060","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$B8637A1A-8B89-4BF9-8CAD-B237F34A7370","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cc1a47e09bb7454381e7e238b77fa40cead7195e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":711748,"id":"Q711748"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$4804C033-F2EC-40E6-869B-A308C0ECBA3C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"e785a0b18ac74caac47187284e19df15d13c1786","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1775593,"id":"Q1775593"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$4C6D89C6-DAB5-4B01-A118-41C43CD6D1DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"f4fc11d1eabc0f814aa63f43ebef0459a3f635be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":553202,"id":"Q553202"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$82A5F242-E441-4E80-9DEA-056A2ED15FBC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"cb38a597e55b255216e0b08af2ba83b083672c08","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":188641,"id":"Q188641"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$85CB0E68-502E-449C-A00B-A3C027643B92","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1b3d1ca268e3dbdbae43efb5a69b3a469f08bcb8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":78127,"id":"Q78127"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$BDA6E2E1-9CF7-4E3A-951C-749ED32086BC","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"90b8e08a65c3f6b60302137bec886dcfcd8ff418","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2005-08-05T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$398CD08C-D99F-42E6-9939-39ACC281BFEC","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"47548049b849331bc56e4d6d7301ef138cfc85fe","datavalue":{"value":"Given an \\(m\\times n\\) matrix \\(A\\) of full column rank, this paper is concerned with the numerical properties of the classical Gram-Schmidt process (CGS) for computing an orthonormal basis of the space spanned by the columns of \\(A\\). Based on a backward error bound for the upper triangular factor produced by CGS, it is proven that the loss of orthogonality of the computed basis can be bounded roughly by the machine precision multiplied with the squared condition number of \\(A\\). Applying CGS once again to the computed basis is shown to make the squared condition number disappear, provided that \\(A\\) is also numerically of full rank. This verifies the convential wisdom that applying CGS twice is enough to obtain a numerically orthogonal basis.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$F1FC57D1-CA53-4BE0-8ACF-444594B5D3EE","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"aba7366fb248703668d20f7bc216962faacac837","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":208835,"id":"Q208835"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$FDA03E12-8796-48E1-A028-00E4182F4951","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3be4ad80ce8780e61f2afdf5234325511e85650a","datavalue":{"value":"65F25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$99C1A2FA-16AE-4968-978C-C073D8BC5E84","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"224133dd68a4f3b66ddf7d50fd627018c06684e4","datavalue":{"value":"65G50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$DE1542D1-9C39-4584-9E2C-EB215899568C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"a179a4fc3f4c27831d668ff73c4795a94289256a","datavalue":{"value":"2193420","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$AA7303F9-3946-4084-AA60-8F150B1D7F38","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"738000d09fd4722763f5e6bf18e9ff65341820a6","datavalue":{"value":"Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$BA614744-0168-4B7E-B62B-9A9FDC66324E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6747c1e5fd5d580f74bc676729b1233ed3ecbd64","datavalue":{"value":"error analysis","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$EADD5D3D-3BEB-41F3-82D3-D9337350B518","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6dc047ad389af5d8d6637957f86d52963d5cdecf","datavalue":{"value":"reorthogonalization","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$BF94B7A7-7732-4CA0-85A9-DB1DBEC8EE5C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c633a4a726ca49af73b36bd6d69a06395b41fde","datavalue":{"value":"condition number","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$B85CEB76-9340-43E0-AC63-48A29FB477B5","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"9bbedeb8fff9bf5dbcadd59c3f5332134c82fe9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":16987,"id":"Q16987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$9379BF5B-C8ED-4A15-968F-ACAA6CC6D222","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"c007ae1867363f659c11dfe2e26b294ddb7e58e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":33608,"id":"Q33608"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$01C31F93-BB3F-415A-AAFF-7AA97C023BD9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$7E7F3DBE-00AC-4A13-85FB-E01627D76E6F","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"8d81b41dd1de0f043126219b2bd40b7d4be33d6a","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00211-005-0615-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$0E2B2906-7E94-4CF7-B55E-8E968960626C","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"b81f75fdb5b269da22921f26b0b6931a52099b72","datavalue":{"value":"W2005498993","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$E3BB33B6-E807-4C7B-8453-269C1805E171","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"da9382818e47c30385d04f6665b51bec754d8eb6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5646301,"id":"Q5646301"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$54E65220-6897-4614-8661-3B4B408AEBD7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0ba04e2a4898c86dd019082f08c0c4ff0b5d3dd9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5574335,"id":"Q5574335"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$3AA1CE6B-CA6B-4CE3-B9C8-A4B4A1387A9C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b4ff1f326ef03dfc9074d3bd24856009886355fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4868585,"id":"Q4868585"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$380C849D-DD8D-40F4-82AB-4EBDBEBD0D4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e37eef54a293cb5f2374cc82a97b1c4db58ba970","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3988983,"id":"Q3988983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$DB82A168-F69A-4904-9F07-20729ED3EBA6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aad299efa6dc8c3c373e3a10d8568f3d708b8295","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4114699,"id":"Q4114699"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$1A6E1197-5F6F-4120-9B74-1E0660A2E429","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db82b4b7a9c29d2d30d6a0aac0ac6254a83452ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1978115,"id":"Q1978115"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$8D4DAF28-F325-425C-8FAC-355EBBC9EBEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0df8810aec8957a4ee833f5d5c14ca97cb6c1633","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4251966,"id":"Q4251966"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$0ACD64F9-8B0E-4978-93EF-32FC4A92B95A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5668f6a9df72f8529ebb42f03b8ce9ea08fbcbbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1294610,"id":"Q1294610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$801A412F-88E1-48F2-940E-FBCDB66C925B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6b2cd19ed052d00164f523097721ee919193d500","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4787672,"id":"Q4787672"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$8D154470-3408-449D-A905-7D7C556CFB89","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5d52df2154bfdd0f3ced81e7603ae5503222445b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5689624,"id":"Q5689624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$A4A9F454-601A-44D4-816F-219CFF351658","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"8e04fbacfd943bef0919ddc5574ef4ca826fa8c0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1371674,"id":"Q1371674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$CC2C4B8B-1759-402C-A323-0381BEC82A48","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4c9780e360c20a82366b97eb2acf9b054c360e7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4779477,"id":"Q4779477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$7F33CAC4-95B6-4ECB-A7BE-A44179090E99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3f557c6f4faf869b07b78743c637a70ff227486a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1117669,"id":"Q1117669"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$210D90D2-AA10-4624-BBD9-F8A04ED21326","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"880011ba752d2ecd4f927ad203d754d566c62385","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3361802,"id":"Q3361802"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$142F50C3-DFCF-4359-B168-0DB2FDAB46A1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f65f7a6454dd03b50345fc3bf934853d3a0d1e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4039817,"id":"Q4039817"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$DB2BDFC0-9DA1-4D7B-B440-43B33E576306","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"877785c658c30b64e907d4d66274ba3ad77a6e8b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2738960,"id":"Q2738960"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$FE60FBBE-931E-428E-AF6C-4DBF45601293","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"83ec4f42ce57c66b95b95e77b6ba1c550b6a38bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3868672,"id":"Q3868672"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$B228E190-0E0C-42F6-BDFE-AD6E50EC08DA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9b6cfd8b45833bf59e3d245431b4d6fc54f3b9b7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5636233,"id":"Q5636233"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$2F84BEBA-2292-45D1-B260-BA7E35E9AEA7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3c78da2991a0ee01d4067ce5e37c5a090e8cd0f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4220521,"id":"Q4220521"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$EEDE624A-F1E1-4E6E-9907-3680C09E6ECA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a6bba6889b36e07f281aafb32bab9a3b6b73b491","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5654932,"id":"Q5654932"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$619E587B-EB75-4EF0-8CD6-1D38D47DDBC6","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"1eec40668472ca44f6ed7b46c4f84fe0c72e7aef","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00211-005-0615-4","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2486676$407FD36F-1228-46FA-9EC8-9B2884A1E03B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e067e0bf74e2bdd211aa7d06146b635ad69356d1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":815235,"id":"Q815235"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"73b70fb0b7b08411989f5e10cee9d169b92e553f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8272745013237","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2486676$1D1068A4-4BAB-4F7A-86ED-FA861439BBE3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d08469d2759760ab99c51b1c5cd6b95d6ec2fa67","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":725754,"id":"Q725754"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5f27f1ab2c7046676f96f77a4713c21bdd5ab14b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8196788430213928","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2486676$C1EB787F-D03D-4CC9-A741-83C6EEC4A63C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"eb2856ac1f2a426c6376c4ae6fbba363f32216d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1319993,"id":"Q1319993"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fbc43c95aab05516b7a01764b0c6b1696fbf4ef7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8177908658981323","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2486676$E1528C32-4594-4760-9D52-24968477149B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33bcdfcd870f9028c166e9ec0ab2a6bb117f8c20","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":857865,"id":"Q857865"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"be102ecf0023fc4e0cfc06676025aec08a7ecffc","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8152099251747131","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2486676$7F423564-D57B-429A-A29B-8E6018A34180","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"178ca6896754a476e0ac7721f22dfd278a193574","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3988983,"id":"Q3988983"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5cc644d447673fb353b669c2ff35f682a96e311c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8008838295936584","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2486676$4DEF3621-B29D-490F-A878-2BF32BDE4F31","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2486676","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2486676"}}}}}