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The author studies properties of the mean value operators \\(M_n\\). He also gives an excellent survey on known and also new characterizations of the function \\(cot\\) by functional equations. Among others he shows that the general continuous solution \\(f: ]0,1[\\to \\mathbb{K}\\in\\{\\mathbb{R},\\mathbb{C}\\}\\) of the system \\(M_n f=f, M_m f=f\\) equals \\(f(x)=a \\pi \\cot \\pi x+b\\) with \\(a,b\\in\\mathbb{K}\\) provided that \\(\\log m\\) and \\(\\log n\\) are linearly independent over the rationals.  It is also shown that there are many continuous ``exotic'' solutions of the system above, if these numbers are linearly dependent over \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\). Moreover the author also proves that a meromorphic function \\(f\\colon \\mathbb{C}\\to \\mathbb{C}\\) with poles in \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\) only which satisfies \\(M_n f=f\\) for some \\(n\\geq 2\\) has the form \\(f(z)=a\\pi\\cot \\pi z+b\\), where \\(a,b\\in\\mathbb{C}\\) are 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