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Minimal submanifolds are solutions of a variational problem: they are critical points of the volume functional for deformations with compact support. The second derivative of the volume functional is given by a quadratic form associated to a selfadjoint operator (the stability operator). A minimal immersion is called stable when it is a local minimum of the volume functional, that is, when the stability operator is nonnegative. For a minimal surface \\(M\\) in \\(\\mathbb R^3\\), the stability operator is given by \\(S= \\Delta + 2K\\), where \\(\\Delta\\) is the Laplacian of the surface, \\(K\\) is its curvature. For a surface immersed in a manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature, the positivity of the stability operator implies the positivity of the operator \\(L = \\Delta + K\\). These lead the author to consider the problem of relating the positivity of the form \\(\\Delta + \\lambda K\\quad (\\lambda \\in \\mathbb R)\\) on a surface to the geometry of the surface. Let \\((M,h)\\) be a complete noncompact Riemannian surface. For all \\(\\lambda \\in \\mathbb R\\), consider the operator \\(L_{\\lambda} = \\Delta + \\lambda K\\) and the associated quadratic form \\(q_{\\lambda}\\). The set \\(I_h = \\{\\lambda \\in \\mathbb R| q_{\\lambda}\\) positive\\(\\}\\) is a closed interval: \\( I_h =[a_h,b_h]\\) with \\(-\\infty\\leq a_h \\leq 0 \\leq b_h \\leq \\infty\\). The general problem is to find relations between the geometry of \\(M\\) and numbers \\(a_h\\) and \\(b_h\\). In the more general context of a complete noncompact Riemannian surface the author proves the following theorems.   Theorem A. Let \\((M,h)\\) be a complete noncompact Riemannian surface. If \\(b_h > \\frac{1}{4}\\) then \\(M\\) is conformally equvalent to \\(\\mathbb C\\) or \\(\\mathbb C^*= \\mathbb C\\setminus\\{0\\}\\).   Theorem B. Let \\((M,h)\\) be a complete noncompact Riemannian surface. If there exit a compact domain \\(\\Omega \\in M\\) and a real \\(\\lambda > \\frac{1}{4}\\) such that \\(q_{\\lambda}(u) \\geq 0\\) for every \\(C^{\\infty}\\)-function \\(u\\) with compact support in \\(M\\setminus \\Omega\\) then \\(M\\) is conformally equivalent to a compact Riemannian surface with a finite number of points removed.  The author treats the particular case of complete conformal metrics on the unit disc, as 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