{"entities":{"Q2493614":{"pageid":2504357,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2493614","lastrevid":73491951,"modified":"2026-04-14T16:12:18Z","type":"item","id":"Q2493614","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Elliptic numerical ranges of \\(4\\times 4\\) matrices"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5035404"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$C5EECD51-9363-4A76-8B5A-82C6C9664705","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"8df15e430238a4cc7e6d74a18e1440f09387fe61","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Elliptic numerical ranges of \\(4\\times 4\\) matrices","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$3D5962E7-B455-4E89-94E2-CFF02EAB6B13","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"72d930b9da32618264cddf312fd88731ecaedfb7","datavalue":{"value":"1099.15022","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$453A2D6C-8D26-4AAD-81A8-4D310E619265","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"16af38ca886e861c0e1130c68e273b62a1dfe45c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":273117,"id":"Q273117"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$2C3E19ED-B9AC-4B43-A17E-C63BE5568BC5","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"fc770cd89d4fae0e8d7b267c7a43d9a33ef28782","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":168175,"id":"Q168175"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$5FBE5FD6-EDE2-4A2E-A99C-8C0352064DB5","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7c4c4f111c9fe2316c024d2931262c2539fb97ad","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-06-26T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$EAC9387E-0DE6-40FE-829A-2888DF29FB59","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d37649f0a4c99ff8d1a88e6f9e82577bdeeeb485","datavalue":{"value":"For an \\(n\\)-by-\\(n\\) matrix \\(A\\), its numerical range \\(W(A)\\) is, by definition, the subset \\(\\{\\langle Ax, x\\rangle: x\\in\\mathbb{C}^n,\\| x\\|= 1\\}\\) of the plane, where \\(\\langle.,.\\rangle\\) and \\(\\|.\\|\\) denote the standard inner product and norm in \\(\\mathbb{C}^n\\), respectively. It is known that \\(W(A)\\) is a compact convex set, but its precise shape is in general difficult to determine. For 2-by-2 or 3-by-3 matrices \\(A\\), when \\(W(A)\\) is an elliptic disc is completely known.   In this paper, the author uses Kippenhahn's theorem on the duality of the boundary of \\(W(A)\\) and the curve given by the determinantal equation \\(\\text{det}(x\\text{\\,Re\\,}A+ y\\text{\\,Im\\,}A+ zI_n)= 0\\), where \\(\\text{Re\\,}A = (A+ A^*)/2\\) and \\(\\text{Im\\,}A= (A- A^*)/(2i)\\), to give in Corollaries 7 and 8 an (almost) complete characterization when a 4-by-4 matrix \\(A\\) has an elliptic disc as its numerical range. The characterization is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues and entries of \\(A\\), and it is ``complete'' barring some technical condition on when one ellipse is contained in the other.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$5F673650-C1B6-46E5-9443-0FB6CCC48B51","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de015211c641081855981090b49964fceb04e0c6","datavalue":{"value":"15A60","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$C901F239-BA30-4F23-93CF-57030B1D3C6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b353ca9fa5871b5d283994bd1f10d77c55504354","datavalue":{"value":"15A18","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$3BC9878E-8E37-4E56-B055-88AC176CE941","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"4d630690dec6b0cad201c3150a3a8f1cf8646472","datavalue":{"value":"5035404","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$8C927F29-454E-4AD5-9F6B-0E80EC19CA2B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1c1b3cceda245963df8c7a8c5a1a1fdfc33864e7","datavalue":{"value":"numerical range","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$BEB6510B-F05E-4E95-8A44-9EBE2D044E09","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"140cd2c17fa9daa4a81958cce8f83eb54b96df89","datavalue":{"value":"Kippenhahn curve","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$6AC443E9-F8B3-4F00-81D7-C636F8AD4CEB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2621a7f114359c15599320f635eb9b30e969bde4","datavalue":{"value":"eigenvalue","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$1B26AE2E-686A-49D0-85FF-0DDEB18F4AB8","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$80C876CB-8805-4968-A323-7DA5062935DA","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7098e92a17e3d3d2e00e5f54a0aa9bb1e5025e80","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.11650/twjm/1500403803","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$A5EAD58D-3948-42BE-9F5F-1C65872251F4","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"74de6a79a888fb79eeb1dfc835ec96e09eece4a4","datavalue":{"value":"W2738268764","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$83DCA8E2-3F2A-4383-9730-1224BEB3990C","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f2155af9cb03dfeee4fce6fd84688a632f3eb605","datavalue":{"value":"10.11650/TWJM/1500403803","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2493614$56E6CB4C-59BC-42D6-812F-28872C074577","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a5e7cd9b53b24cc65f1498c42367bb2490c2dac9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5858698,"id":"Q5858698"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fe6c3e1cd81c2e40887a3abda872fc08b2ed02e3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.942462","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$46BB1002-C0BB-497E-8F7C-74500A1C6D20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d8cabcf32a8ad9fdcbf1c7f0aabe26e7cf5a2e4d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5743030,"id":"Q5743030"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b0e87889a72d27f451e3a0daad3689e2e5d749c7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.92291236","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$A7DFF414-81BA-45DC-BC12-B2F2042692D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"54c529331ce80e73d902ff3c7eb81a7c86f46cbf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1747259,"id":"Q1747259"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c2d645d9ad0e535d66af62f563a6f37c4bc46e2b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90358686","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$36BE1D93-1760-4DF0-9717-CF2E84C30B88","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d26f790ad6bac6d16574da4e019fbbab1bf95a8f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3629060,"id":"Q3629060"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"07b6b6fd357d46282abc045ba7cd15dd22d5c90b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.90117174","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$CBAC8572-22B4-42F1-AD0C-77A7632C2724","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6e1da2a0c3c6523651f2b445ee387406b5a6da10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5269046,"id":"Q5269046"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"259c8dc38d0797d31b26a48174e7359340a1ff1e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.89590997","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$AADDD1FE-6998-42DF-B2CC-895AC50C3AB9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"64cdeb3683a17e6e0d127e4f7a3dd68cbc3062ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":439197,"id":"Q439197"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"22925f69af73fd047230b72f0c36a8b949b6e174","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8928026","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$2881C113-F086-4A6C-A32A-5D44C4669C78","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5c771d341f8857627dcfce4a7409712c89f78aa8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1747121,"id":"Q1747121"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1c4b60089e89e17eddb514fcdeee49cfd3930c67","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8899491","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$0D3BA01A-C7EA-44E1-9B01-D709BFD51EAC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"324bb424625d8ac5addccbf357acbde08705a664","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4818360,"id":"Q4818360"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e8f82fa657ef0696f08fd16f1e532a74e98bb5a8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8895303","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$CF672C57-CA9D-4719-9FA6-EF1F830FCC08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e2838c0aa57fd698b2d18c5b7b9866a0a902f02b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2687247,"id":"Q2687247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"03622d12ac042e403b6970a833364054dc6bc043","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88932604","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$FE2EBEEA-2C8B-4128-B6D9-DF82D2BFC058","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"51c5c443e11855d7d44bcdcc08a55cc2a9f0585b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":924345,"id":"Q924345"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"486305eb231b097a0df396e04bb3fc4a31ca5d34","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88096756","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2493614$9CF64106-AEDD-4288-8D78-272420E474D8","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Elliptic numerical ranges of \\(4\\times 4\\) matrices","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Elliptic_numerical_ranges_of_%5C(4%5Ctimes_4%5C)_matrices"}}}}}