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While the first results on this problem were mainly obtained by a detailed study of the isotropy representation [see \\textit{A. L. Besse}, Einstein Manifolds, Springer-Verlag (1987; Zbl 0613.53001) for a survey], a stronger, more recent approach is by a combination of global variational and topological techniques. The starting point was to attach a certain graph \\(\\Gamma_{G/H}\\) to a compact homogeneous space and the proof that \\(G/H\\) admits a \\(G\\)-invariant Einstein metric if \\(\\Gamma_{G/H}\\) has at least two non-toral components [see \\textit{M. Wang} and \\textit{W. Ziller}, Invent. Math. 84, 177--194 (1986; Zbl 0596.53040) and \\textit{C. B\u00f6hm, M. Wang} and \\textit{W. Ziller}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 14, 681--733 (2004; Zbl 1068.53029)]. The author refines this method by passing to the simplicial complex of \\(G/H\\) (and a so-called new ''extended simplicial complex'', which is homotopy equivalent to the former one). He proves  Theorem A. Let \\(G/H\\) be a compact homogeneous space with both \\(G\\) and \\(H\\) connected. If the simplicial complex of \\(G/H\\) is not contractible, then \\(G/H\\) admits a \\(G\\)-invariant Einstein metric.  (the converse of this statement is known to be false). By definition, a prime (compact simply connected non-product) homogeneous space (with \\(G\\) connected, simply connected and semisimple) is one for which \\(H\\) and its normalizer inside \\(G\\) have the same rank. By a result of Quillen, Theorem A then implies:   Theorem B. Let \\(G/H\\) be a compact simply connected homogeneous space with \\(G\\) connected, simply connected and semisimple. If there exists a field \\({\\mathbb F}\\) such that the reduced homology with coefficients in \\({\\mathbb F}\\) of the simplicial complexes of all prime factors of \\(G/H\\) does not vanish, then \\(G/H\\) admits a \\(G\\)-invariant Einstein metric.   Applications of Theorem B are given in [\\textit{C. B\u00f6hm} and \\textit{M. M. Kerr}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, 1455--1468 (2006; Zbl 1087.53042) and \\textit{C. B\u00f6hm}, Math. Z. 250, 279--286 (2005; Zbl 1166.53311)].   The plan of the article is as follows: Introduction; Section 1. On the proof of Theorem A [sketch]; Section 2. Examples; Section 3. The simplicial complex of product homogeneous spaces; Section 4. Preliminaries [the symmetric space \\({\\mathcal M}^G_1\\) of \\(G\\)-invariant metrics of volume \\(1\\)]; Section 5. The asymptotic behaviour of the scalar curvature functional [on \\({\\mathcal M}^G_1\\); this is the core of the article]; Section 6. Homogeneous spaces of finite type; Section 7. The simplicial complex of arbitrary homogeneous spaces; Section 8. 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