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This demarcates a result of \\textit{D. Cooper} and \\textit{D. D. Long} [Topology Appl. 101, No. 2, 143--148 (2000; Zbl 0943.57014)], which shows that any finite group acts freely on some \\(\\mathbb{Q}\\)-homology \\(3\\)-sphere. In a previous paper [Math. Z. 248, No. 4, 675--693 (2004; Zbl 1063.57017)], the authors of the paper under review obtained information about orientation-preserving actions of finite groups on \\(\\mathbb{Z}\\)-homology \\(3\\)-spheres and \\(\\mathbb{Z}/2\\)-homology \\(3\\)-spheres. The main result can be derived from that work, but the previous approach relied heavily on the Gorenstein-Harada classification of finite simple groups of sectional \\(4\\)-rank at most \\(4\\), while the current proof is more conceptual and avoids long lists of finite simple groups.   It proceeds by showing that the \\(2\\)-Sylow subgroup of \\(G\\) is dihedral, then applying a result of Gorenstein-Walter that a simple group with dihedral \\(2\\)-Sylow must be linear fractional with odd \\(q\\) or the alternating group \\(\\mathbb{A}_7\\), and the latter group is eliminated by a special argument. As for the realization problem, the authors have constructed enough specific actions of \\(\\text{PSL}(2,q)\\) on \\(\\mathbb{Z}_2\\)-homology \\(3\\)-spheres for small values of \\(q\\) to give the impression that all the groups \\(\\text{PSL}(2,q)\\) do act, but have no general method for producing such actions. For even \\(q\\), the groups \\(\\text{PSL}(2,2^n)\\) with \\(n>1\\) act linearly on the sphere \\(S^{2^n-2}\\), and the authors prove that this is the minimal dimension of any \\(\\mathbb{Z}_2\\)-homology sphere on which they act. 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