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Recall that an algebra \\(R\\) is FCR (``finite-dimensional representations are completely reducible'') if it has enough finite-dimensional representations, in the sense that every nonzero element of \\(R\\) survives in some finite-dimensional image, and every finite-dimensional \\(R\\)-module is semisimple.   Classical representation theory of Lie groups frequently requires the examination of a slightly larger class of Lie algebras -- the reductive ones. Intuitively, a reductive Lie algebra is ``semisimple up to a central subalgebra'': finite-dimensional modules on which the central subalgebra acts like a character will be completely reducible.   The authors try to formulate the appropriate definition of ``reductive over a central subalgebra'' and generalize complete reducibility for finite-dimensional modules to encompass the representations of reductive Lie algebras. They begin by discussing notions related to separability of ring extensions, but with conditions restricted to finite-dimensional modules. Given \\(R| S\\) an extension of algebras, the extension \\(R| S\\) is said to be ``finitarily semisimple'' provided that every short exact sequence of finite-dimensional left \\(R\\)-modules which splits as \\(S\\)-modules must also split as \\(R\\)-modules; the extension \\(R| S\\) is said to be ``finitarily Wedderburn'' when every finite-dimensional left \\(R\\)-module which is semisimple as an \\(S\\)-module is also semisimple as an \\(R\\)-module. The authors prove that, if \\(R| S\\) is a central extension, both definitions are equivalent.   Another notion is needed to formulate the desired definition: an algebra \\(A\\) is ``residually finite-dimensional'' if the zero ideal is the intersection of the ideals with finite codimension. The authors give the following definition of reductive extension of algebras by joining the former concepts: Given \\(R| S\\) a central extension of algebras, it is a ``reductive extension'' provided it is finitarily semisimple and \\(R\\) is residually finite-dimensional.   The bulk of the paper studies an example related to the theory of quantum symmetric pairs developed by Letzter which is presented as a nontrivial illustration of these 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