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It can be read off the Alexander polynomial. The paper gives a characterization of the Arf invariant in terms of two kinds of 4-dimensional bordisms, by ``half-gropes'' and ``Whitney towers''. The theorem is: For knots \\(k_0\\) and \\(k_1\\) in \\(S^3\\) the following statements are equivalent: (i) \\(\\text{Arf}(k_0)= \\text{Arf}(k_1)\\), (ii) \\(k_0\\) and \\(k_1\\) cobound a properly embedded class \\(n\\) half-grope in \\(S^3\\times I\\) for all \\(n\\in\\mathbb N\\). (iii) \\(k_0\\) and \\(k_1\\) cobound a properly immersed annulus in \\(S^3\\times I\\) admitting an order \\(n\\) Whitney tower of all \\(n\\in\\mathbb{N}\\).  The author gives a short introduction to the techniques used to treat immersed surfaces in 4-manifolds employed in the proof and helpful references on gropes, half-gropes and Whitney 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