{"entities":{"Q2497167":{"pageid":2507910,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2497167","lastrevid":57944196,"modified":"2026-04-03T04:45:25Z","type":"item","id":"Q2497167","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Extremes of the discrete two-dimensional Gaussian free field"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5043272"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$D2004AEF-F8D2-4933-B581-2C8488C9B226","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"7bb51c97f17762926d9a1b4ae577282769f34698","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Extremes of the discrete two-dimensional Gaussian free field","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$D2B55681-773B-4839-B205-C647BA6F4097","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c8a4237cc45f09ca45daf078214b5a9ae8394475","datavalue":{"value":"1104.60062","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$2C0029E7-F87B-4E6C-AC1D-014A09EC3BD3","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"66e25b180cce5c9d5748bad86a0faee16216ef89","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/009117906000000061","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$480CAC81-1928-4AA7-822D-2B615D6651D9","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"361759c3c7ccbe7bdda39677c69268e3ee7e206b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2497166,"id":"Q2497166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$DEE70827-E44D-439B-87D4-C5FE2D758EAD","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c9d829dece3e2d330deed49a6cb836edc666e294","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":107063,"id":"Q107063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$2D746680-CC71-463C-B1D7-964983511007","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1502cd93c70708761a59d4ffb221e92b26324d36","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-08-03T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$376C8CE5-F231-4B5D-8754-973A3A5A9B95","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6041db547e6c09412451dd7d48ad203c730e338a","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0406609","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$23B13D26-3575-40C7-891B-16AAAA113E1C","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"563d67c9250152bca736bbb6ed7bef0e717c8d6a","datavalue":{"value":"A two-dimensional Gaussian free field (GFF) is a family of centered Gaussian random variables \\(\\Phi =\\{\\Phi_x; x\\in V_N\\}\\) with covariance given by \\(G_N(x,y)\\), the Green function of the two-dimensional simple random walk in the square \\(V_N= [ 1,N]^2\\cap \\mathbb Z^2\\) stopped at the boundary. The conditioned free field (CFF) is the law of \\(\\Phi\\) conditioned on being nonnegative.  The first part of the paper contains a precise description of the number of high (resp. low) points of a GFF and the fractal properties of their repartition in \\(V_N\\). The proofs use a multiscale decomposition introduced by \\textit{E. Bolthausen, J.-D. Deuschel} and \\textit{G. Giacomin} [Ann. Probab. 29, No. 4, 1670--1692 (2001; Zbl 1034.82018)] who first computed the maximum of a two-dimensional GFF and, in particular, showed that the mean of the CFF is of the order \\(\\log N\\). The proofs also rely on a close analogy between the GFF and \\(\\tau(x)\\), the first time \\(x\\) is visited by a simple random walk on the torus \\(\\mathbb Z^2/N\\mathbb Z^2\\) starting at 0, which is carefully studied by \\textit{A. Dembo, Y. Peres, J. Rosen} and \\textit{O. Zeitouni} [ibid. 34, No. 1, 219--263 (2006; Zbl 1100.60057)]. These results are then used to study the CFF. One sees that, contrary to the situation in dimensions \\(\\geq 3\\), the extrema of the shifted GFF and the CFF look alike.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$FC4DCC9E-2152-4B11-B9CD-CF3595D19208","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"8f362c301788b947dae2d0f3d8e1ad99a7fa9840","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":688055,"id":"Q688055"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$DB4F1383-C8C9-4EDA-B1ED-9A9DF998E5CA","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"7fdc23c20020356aaedd36d12d09aa94bd3b098e","datavalue":{"value":"60K35","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$4EA5110F-A4B3-4136-8B71-6FF4694132F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4b978504a5c4d5430fb07dd32ac0a7eb03b398b9","datavalue":{"value":"60G15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$005A8CF6-44AA-45C6-8E61-008FD687874F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1605bc5dea0dca4de0a503b8718abc9a678a6472","datavalue":{"value":"82B41","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$6A026301-D590-4DF9-A204-8583FC183EB9","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"994e54afe9ec25647815103ba6d200ae5c24d1b2","datavalue":{"value":"5043272","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$A1A620A1-830A-4871-B374-D26F490EA8AC","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"125091ecafa1fea26ae55d9d943856cef70a7057","datavalue":{"value":"extrema of Gaussian fields","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$2FD41711-4EEC-4AB1-A7FF-6F21831D1C2C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"87dc4603a09c3d20ec3fa8cf69f8c8afe6748a4a","datavalue":{"value":"entropic repulsion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$C6DFF057-2F32-4C64-8D03-54DC2914F78E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"38c437aba55e57a05a319057bbeafdc6a36064a8","datavalue":{"value":"multiscale decomposition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$998CFDA5-D77E-4654-9962-D47F6FC08020","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$E7B14A38-EAE8-46B5-A159-2EE79CE04C8B","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"f9f2b5b991aa861870dabbc2d71fc8ec32e8f105","datavalue":{"value":"W3100555390","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$386B46F2-F9F6-4A7E-992F-EAEC6F771556","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3846492fceef5a5c8d2cc756bb9c52a673e3d88a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1924052,"id":"Q1924052"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$F24345C8-FBB4-444C-B8B5-FD439B484A9B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4cf160ced330dc48e5e94d70475e56b0aad0af54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1872242,"id":"Q1872242"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$A2E31C66-27B0-4948-91B7-47358E30E40E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ccb1ca8b7bb702b49a630a52da8332d9afc7dac5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1894888,"id":"Q1894888"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$602F660B-ECB6-4402-BDEC-F7FB81256CB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6fc4b7090bdeca79ece2c4995840612bcff3662f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2371949,"id":"Q2371949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$D828C085-13CC-4C07-B4DE-AD06CEAB341D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"45b64a32c1aabad98673b7223e13377a1e962333","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2493179,"id":"Q2493179"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$A509C61C-148F-40BB-8923-98EAD13E03C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"22b106dd9c3d4005702e76a5b03929230884f73d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1961084,"id":"Q1961084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$A204935A-3B5B-4F4A-A5A2-3697F3AFCD38","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"bc3e91713389f0938b8127910704e211f4f8133c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5489072,"id":"Q5489072"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$47651D10-954F-4296-8AB9-0150DE23E20C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7f66d3be0bc404f24ae8e678a353d1f15b634050","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1872220,"id":"Q1872220"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$921A8506-C667-440B-8274-145E7BC5BFA8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ef83481e0e4c037927a3e44bd4476b53d3bc801","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3973412,"id":"Q3973412"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$005DE14F-A627-4A27-A5CF-04E08C1720F6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d55e1450d8f96cdb68430b335c4aeea91d5747a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2642929,"id":"Q2642929"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497167$7EE2F543-5C1E-4DF8-9BCF-F5C273E4D7D7","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"03ca8e876337f5e34062050cb94d7332e08aadc0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3112436,"id":"Q3112436"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4c92901f7c1ba6c1cb16af240d19bbfc9b21d1f1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7828732","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$3CC2C91A-8EAD-4BD8-9884-AA10EFC60A6B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5a1b5f2ee8228fd0ba93b2f978607533fb5a8fa4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2818776,"id":"Q2818776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7a0fe423427eb5f61d97a2d8b93b62efb04f8f79","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78098786","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$DA835766-BEF2-420B-893B-8DDAC96C98B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"523a8e291b134a96ccfc434e65ff1f69f318f5b9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2517247,"id":"Q2517247"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"817e9e62ce040e082dd75f0ab079a4bb717e55d4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77786183","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$111983AA-D836-45AE-B090-8F7E8CC8A0E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f387bbcf92325ee5f73b77504349337672f0b049","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3294679,"id":"Q3294679"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3f546f1106d850187e4cba2a4aa7bd0a33fd30d2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.77475035","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$DCC47F7B-A02D-43A8-9658-DD8D48AA493D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3892fcc1a0788943b88be88ed68266a4b1c52356","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5026464,"id":"Q5026464"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"43b47872c4494d3948c00ea97aa4cd83059e7361","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.75180227","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$52E0094A-3CE5-405F-8845-E403D94E12F9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d6d53fdbfe5369569d2224b24fd14db287446a6f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4641993,"id":"Q4641993"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"402c57e60f93ed554bc2053e0d9fa2424ba99eea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72802746","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$B3A318F5-8F2B-4BDC-9FE5-FDC70D5D13DE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4bede38ff1d95e589932b0d6c22b34d8f2b509c7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1726840,"id":"Q1726840"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2e7a1deb0ac37e6607783a7e10c73d20ee532b53","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7244792","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$85F6E0CE-D62D-4977-8D1E-8E1C2F0F75A7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8edb28642db345ca4d301599adebe27de72b2bc4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2514282,"id":"Q2514282"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"79aac4a17a2ffc69c1aa0d4b1320a55a5523b3ea","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7239996","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$1A28BF62-FFE9-413E-8927-7C974D70211B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ce3eceb3c97867aea267de37604a316ec8d012fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":956387,"id":"Q956387"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2b7bc2c4f81734c7b428b4b0350f68092387ac74","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.72165143","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$71218610-46DA-469A-BB64-18CED558219A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"cc5002174cd7d7d36fd39e22485cbc4297502c30","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3461980,"id":"Q3461980"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"7e1a218f7ae202d2ef1928ab30a7afb2fc66172a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7171266","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497167$335A29E9-6292-422F-B358-111BBB38970A","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2497167","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2497167"}}}}}