{"entities":{"Q2497973":{"pageid":2508716,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2497973","lastrevid":49887217,"modified":"2026-01-11T15:50:57Z","type":"item","id":"Q2497973","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A simple proof of Graham and Pollak's theorem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5044101"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$DCEDE28C-181E-4AD6-B459-91D71F4AB3A7","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"fc02e5f17f6b4f796e3bc3818dda000f39b3e2a8","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A simple proof of Graham and Pollak's theorem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$AEB763B6-38BE-4F99-8229-0B8C4E7C95EC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"c817036a327247be9a06e1774479f36c148eae65","datavalue":{"value":"1104.15010","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$37A5A7F5-250C-4FD2-850F-CCE8CEF1598D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ef41f1ba62762bd4aab03b3623785170c2616063","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":315679,"id":"Q315679"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$28A36148-C62C-4E97-99C6-CE09F71641FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"bc1ec06b13b7bf9626a3cb15da0db3c3a7d3d051","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":221614,"id":"Q221614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$30F4BEA4-DD47-4C22-BAE0-2F7DA23DC43D","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"1c03f12d2ae232c6413ffedcffaa255461d32f1a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":171729,"id":"Q171729"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$6FC9CECC-A214-4CA6-9E94-3BD5DC962042","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"fb876cd0509c83d752b9ca15b7a238c782dbf5de","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-08-04T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$5D226556-39DA-4F2E-B996-FBE61AD8F9C0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"4a2aa1b6b556ce4f6af3a3de7cb41cde3ea689da","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(T\\) be a tree with \\(n\\) vertices and \\(D\\) the \\(n\\times n\\) distance matrix of \\(T\\). \\textit{R. L. Graham} and \\textit{H. O. Pollack} [Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 2495--2519 (1971; Zbl 0228.94020)] proved the following formula: \\(\\det(D)=-(n-1)(-2)^{n-2}\\), which is independent of the structure of \\(T\\). Other proofs were given by R. L. Graham with co-authors.   In this paper the authors give a further proof by induction over \\(n\\), using the Dodgson determinant evaluation rule \\(\\det(A) \\det(A_2)= \\det(A_{11})\\det(A_{nn})-\\det(A_{1n})\\det(A_{n1})\\), where \\(A\\) is an \\(n\\times n\\) matrix with \\(n>2\\), \\(A_{ij}\\) is the minor of \\(A\\) obtained by deleting the \\(i\\)th row and \\(j\\)th column, and \\(A_2\\) is the minor of \\(A\\) obtained by deleting rows 1 and \\(n\\) and columns 1 and \\(n\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$6F4916C1-89F6-45BD-9FDC-8DB49750A36E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5f35883713e23ca3f0ced48b60a92f4891f4d526","datavalue":{"value":"15A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$098C036F-1F74-484C-9F26-D55F3D68D4AF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"d5da87a72c21717089feda882f568938059a9d84","datavalue":{"value":"05C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$B74D9FB2-98BD-4973-BF70-DC3178F946BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"898109ac7e401de8fce76101fe27418b7afd5158","datavalue":{"value":"05C50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$C2E22B53-F2A8-4751-A962-70FED08E5E37","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"2e33d9535badb1dabf9f3cc80e6212c8bd3d2443","datavalue":{"value":"5044101","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$307ADF29-B8F8-49ED-8BAE-E0C77765475C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"574f1053a5d0cb138eeb1d178cfc4915c70a8532","datavalue":{"value":"determinant","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$D76FBEDD-92AD-43E6-A5E2-2B2134F3F25D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e262582fcd84f3f7d4522cc90cc0a5d0b09f75dc","datavalue":{"value":"distance matrix","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$AC0B26D9-8333-4449-9686-2DD530812FB3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b60e8ae277a23ee778b5e0138fa3c58c82d7402d","datavalue":{"value":"Dodgson's determinant-evaluation rule","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$37DF6B64-B950-4167-BB04-A5C94653B5EB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"560966cba4a2eca98131f1b930ee67b48cdb5d07","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1777528,"id":"Q1777528"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$C0DDFAAA-9C8F-4B42-B46B-0FF50B4B075A","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$3A457804-E638-4F4B-B8CB-0EFAD835F55A","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"6b91fd2c5989b0415587a91067e70f6cf1ddc1b0","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2005.07.005","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$E7EDA9F3-9552-44B3-B615-FA51D244D0BA","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a6b11155e24429e82440bdb268495cf1bf0eaa66","datavalue":{"value":"W2071165444","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$FFD19102-65C2-4851-B45B-F43C1246EBE9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d22f389fdcd3edf59151fd321f39446c1d92f01c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1226493,"id":"Q1226493"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$2C6A28C9-C653-4BCD-87AC-0E210DFB0386","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"defc698d168ecde8a9831aee5d4b4cea71fa3057","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4137203,"id":"Q4137203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$5896F584-F5BB-4EAB-8CC6-8D5FAE50E4E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f8dfac9344fb01c3b6cf8ffb4cfd5de147b769e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1247981,"id":"Q1247981"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$FA76ED5C-A72B-4FDF-8E36-058BD6E5FAA2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"82a9c8cc4cdcade87b9ccc515a00403d48d4459b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5636776,"id":"Q5636776"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$5FFA7608-4FF9-4C62-B26A-F56FD3CF1B86","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c401627ae307dd809c27e52eb1579756b4675e32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1378547,"id":"Q1378547"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$29961346-811C-4401-83AE-DA48D08C087A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"740568494e6adbf583a64a26944af81596dddb9c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/J.JCTA.2005.07.005","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2497973$BFE80FD1-9512-4FEF-B6CF-19259AEDDDC0","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2b80090cc7c51afdb74a00762e255540b2026d97","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":785789,"id":"Q785789"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"bb3bc38ca944237de23be7ffbc05aa6fcbe28607","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9713119864463806","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497973$C85FA66C-65FC-4E4D-AAE6-0A824A2C8DFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f4748818800945f7b568bd5da3d0dad8e4cb894d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2497234,"id":"Q2497234"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"820a4e0ff9b551274e01945b9c1107cdd7b6bf3b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8418115973472595","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497973$2F1E10C7-0D61-477E-9188-E9DE3F2D7A31","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6db27fd0963f5ba0fe0d83d0b74f3451dbfb74ee","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":732087,"id":"Q732087"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d87bf5e5477195212a0c674d3647c33ef520de57","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8261643052101135","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497973$B2732EFE-291A-449D-A045-D88A7B54211F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d9ab62a6c93bbc50e3f0fc4a4bc91af573bc366d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2512804,"id":"Q2512804"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3d718f0ac0329684f91d08c9518b11f49625e9e3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7922659516334534","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497973$2634C833-64E3-49F0-9139-44353D4A216B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2cf19ec182c76003ba80053d5b1d4537851bb6e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":976674,"id":"Q976674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e93f2bb28ad7fa0991bbda6e061875ee7bdf1903","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7632105350494385","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2497973$FCED2B1E-FB5D-4B5D-9EEB-CD178B077110","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2497973","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2497973"}}}}}