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There are only few examples (in dimension \\(> 24\\) only the compact rank 1 symmetric spaces) and very few known general obstructions (Gromov's Betti number theorem for manifolds with \\(K \\geq 0\\)).   The paper under review studies compact simply connected manifolds with \\(K > 0\\) and large isometry groups. This subject came to life with \\textit{M. Berger}'s paper [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa 15, 179--246 (1961; Zbl 0101.14201)], which was the starting point for the classification of the homogeneous spaces of positive sectional curvature by \\textit{N. R. Wallach} [Ann. Math. 96, 277--295 (1972; Zbl 0261.53033)] and \\textit{L. Berard-Bergery} [J. Math. Pur. Appl. 55, 47--68 (1976; Zbl 0289.53037)]. This classification revealed examples in dimensions 6, 7, 12, 13, and 24 (these were later supplemented by the inhomogeneous biquotients of \\textit{J.-H. Eschenburg} [Invent. Math. 66, 469--480 (1982; Zbl 0484.53031)] and \\textit{Ya. V. Bazaikin} [Sib. Math. J. 37, 1068--1085 (1996; Zbl 0874.53034)]).   The natural question is now which new examples occur when the symmetry assumptions are reduced. \\textit{K. Grove} suggested to do this reduction in various ways. Together with \\textit{C. Searle}, he classified manifolds with \\(K > 0\\) and maximal symmetry rank [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 91, 137--142 (1994; Zbl 0793.53040)] and fixed point homogeneous manifolds with \\(K>0\\) [J. Differ. Geom. 47, 530--559 (1997; Zbl 0929.53017)]. Among the several subsequent results in this spirit, we only mention \\textit{L. Verdiani}'s classification of even dimensional cohomogeneity one manifolds with \\(K > 0\\) [J. Differ. Geom. 68, 31--72 (2004; Zbl 1100.53033)]. All these classifications did not uncover new examples so far.   The present paper and its dizygotic twin [\\textit{B. Wilking}, Acta Math. 191, 259--297 (2003; Zbl 1062.53029)] make statements about such classifications in general. For example, it is not possible to find new manifolds with \\(K > 0\\) and cohomogeneity \\(\\leq k\\) for fixed \\(k\\) in arbitrary high dimensions. More precisely, the main results derived in this paper are the following: If the dimension of the isometry group of a compact \\(n\\)-dimensional manifold \\(M\\) with \\(K > 0\\) is \\(\\geq 2n-6\\) then \\(M\\) is tangentially homotopically equivalent to a rank one symmetric space or to a homogeneous space with \\(K > 0\\). If the rank of the isometry group is \\(>3(\\text{cohom}(M)+1)\\) then \\(M\\) is homogeneous or tangentially homotopically equivalent to a rank one symmetric space. If \\(\\text{cohom}(M) = k > 1\\) and \\(\\text{dim}(M) > 18(k+1)^2\\) then \\(M\\) is tangentially homotopically equivalent to a rank one symmetric space.   At least as important as the results are the new tools developed in this paper. Like in its above mentioned twin a central role is played by the connectedness lemma of the author: A totally geodesic embedded submanifold \\(N^{n-h} \\to M^n\\) is \\((n-2h+1)\\)-connected if \\(M\\) has positive sectional curvature. This and the several other tools have already found applications in a forthcoming paper by Grove, Wilking, and Ziller where the three authors classify the odd dimensional cohomogeneity one manifolds with \\(K > 0\\) up to a short list of \\(7\\)-dimensional promising 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