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In this paper, a novel two-channel training strategy is proposed for discriminative training of HMM. For the proposed training strategy, a novel separable-distance function that measures the difference between a pair of training samples is adopted as the criterion function. The symbol emission matrix of an HMM is split into two channels: a static channel to maintain the validity of the HMM and a dynamic channel that is modified to maximize the separable distance. The parameters of the two-channel HMM are estimated by iterative application of expectation-maximization (EM) operations. As an example of the application of the novel approach, a hierarchical speaker-dependent visual speech recognition system is trained using the two-channel HMMs. Results of experiments on identifying a group of confusable visemes indicate that the proposed approach is able to increase the recognition accuracy by an average of 20\\% compared with the conventional HMMs that are trained with the Baum-Welch estimation.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$BAC720DB-D08F-4D85-BD1E-A657965C21BF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"ae62b6ae8284bad4753b7ed23b6f2503aa5e4b9f","datavalue":{"value":"68T50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$72A41307-3877-494B-85D0-DA051137E78D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"00612fed7ce39b2b11435682afcc06ba25f13d62","datavalue":{"value":"65C50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$5E45BEAB-324F-4D19-B48E-D6544414B917","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b23b4581d19061667c697da14a890aa055e6f323","datavalue":{"value":"65C40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$DB502BCF-78D8-4CBA-A84D-FC7E0C99B534","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"40d368c90d25662b6db9140040f76965e842e42d","datavalue":{"value":"5053498","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$ACB6F1B8-9E6B-4530-B249-1A5FB750F757","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fdc423400b5c8933c91936c370f5ac88b91f74a7","datavalue":{"value":"viseme recognition","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$252056BB-1E87-4A7A-BD86-458A08DA6301","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e7bd8e0ed9dd21855f4f4fbca04bff978dc2d389","datavalue":{"value":"two-channel hidden Markov model","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$5FC7B035-430C-48E5-9816-42519253D34A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"bbaefb2b6fa4edd3387224dfd1e464aa6e4d85f6","datavalue":{"value":"discriminative training","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$2691AF27-2D5A-4970-B642-3CF3BDA6C1AA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"80ffc3b4c5c2915a42433c12bc1601716e5d70fd","datavalue":{"value":"separable-distance function","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$7DAC78E0-0CB5-48E3-8674-60C698C068B9","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2502581$514BEC47-F865-416D-9382-42A1E04A2050","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d356d56c233786dabab4fa739f4cb6b864d6c518","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5354018,"id":"Q5354018"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9eefe5d83e7f729a8a1d6ec594fbc77826359509","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8368776","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2502581$FDFDA52C-EAAF-4862-A9AB-DEE9AFCBCA24","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c680ca758953594151451a4f53e04182c5af81c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4029714,"id":"Q4029714"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df9fa2c13da465d72176a62714e6dc18292cd038","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8305648","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2502581$30CEC01C-E1FE-45E4-AD30-21425EF6F68C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2502581","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2502581"}}}}}