{"entities":{"Q2509869":{"pageid":2520612,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q2509869","lastrevid":57960894,"modified":"2026-04-03T06:16:39Z","type":"item","id":"Q2509869","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A difference version of Nori's theorem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6323291"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$02DB02BB-486F-4E4F-A739-FC18A7208EED","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"30f843a6bebdb4267cce5c92113b4b95137ff58c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A difference version of Nori's theorem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$AF060DD0-6B27-4D19-A8B1-97663646CEAE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0f5cd38619787405b3e7dddabfe60fa01dbc184a","datavalue":{"value":"1306.12003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$2E750F61-610E-4F2C-BEA1-F46EC5FAAD63","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"0b89569879b240a6b87fcddbd3bbb85419752c77","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1706094,"id":"Q1706094"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$6FD6B750-7D59-49D4-AD46-C92F00567A1F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7016073dc3661ad2b8fcf740b72e135f31d59f23","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":166142,"id":"Q166142"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$839D3C2F-48E0-42E3-813D-05F3E408D93A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"9b5c982f599539b2f362cfa006a40560fe26e036","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$4E15C77A-D2BC-49E3-98FE-D226EA19B73D","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"4d720c859f977f154fd0da2b6f9a040211ff6cd7","datavalue":{"value":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.1176","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$DB488D2A-DE3E-4345-B472-F385977653DF","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5d14d962913a4abc3198f33af80cdd313486299e","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(F = \\mathbb{F}_{q}(s, t)\\) be a function field in two variables over a finite field \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}\\) treated as a difference field \\((F, \\phi_{q})\\) where \\(\\phi_{q}\\) acts trivially on \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}(t)\\) and maps \\(s\\) to \\(s^{q}\\). The author proves that every semisimple simply-connected linear algebraic group defined over \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}\\) can be realized as a difference Galois group \\(\\mathcal{G}\\) over \\((\\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t), \\phi_{q^{i}})\\) for some \\(i\\in \\mathbb{N}\\). This result can be considered as a difference analog of Nori's theorem which states that \\(\\mathcal{G}(\\mathbb{F}_{q})\\) occurs as a (finite) Galois group over \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}(s)\\).  The first part of the paper reviews the fundamentals of the difference Galois theory and introduces the notation used in the subsequent text. Then the author proves theorems that establish upper and lower bounds on the Galois group of a difference module over \\((k(t), \\phi_{q})\\) that only depend on a representing matrix of the difference module. (\\(k\\) is a field containing \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}\\) with a fixed non-archimedean absolute value \\(|\\cdot|\\).) The next part of the paper under review contains the proof of the main result of this work,   Theorem 6.5: Let \\(\\mathcal{G}\\leq \\mathrm{GL}_n\\) be a semisimple simply-connected linear algebraic group defined over \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q}\\). Then for a suitable \\(i\\in \\mathbb{N}\\), there exists an \\(n\\)-dimensional difference module \\(M\\) over \\((\\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t), \\phi_{q^{i}})\\) with a separable Picard-Vessiot ring \\(R/\\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(s, t)\\) and corresponding Galois group scheme isomorphic to \\(\\mathcal{G}\\) (as linear algebraic group over \\(\\mathbb{F}_{q^{i}}(t)\\)).   The last section of the paper introduces a concept of a pre-\\(t\\)-motive as a difference module over \\((\\bar{k}(t), \\sigma)\\). (\\(\\bar{k}\\) is the algebraic closure of \\(k\\) contained in \\(K\\), where \\(K\\) is the completion of an algebraic closure of the completion of \\(k\\) with respect to \\(|\\cdot|\\); \\(\\sigma\\) is the inverse of the Frobenius.) In this section the author lifts the result of Theorem 6.5 from \\(k(t)\\) to \\(\\bar{k}(t)\\) to obtain pre-\\(t\\)-motives with semisimple simply-connected Galois groups.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$8D4FD7F2-5B6B-491F-A678-A16911D7F793","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"71da807fbb1b8b988a0fb19cf9f36ac41bf70b58","datavalue":{"value":"12H10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$070A06E6-D30C-4607-9DF3-FCC0ACD51387","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"828a89d89b687a71d09a8ad5d13795695a26caa3","datavalue":{"value":"11G09","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$9BE674C8-680A-44E2-A9EC-ACDDC69CBE03","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"747f926814bec7d06f4808d64ba00d7542217963","datavalue":{"value":"20G40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$C0BC8B7D-A245-4E1B-974B-B72C2D8E8704","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0f4655784c41640b8de8d64ff3d8008e85c15362","datavalue":{"value":"6323291","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$2F3DE093-2BF5-45EE-967B-48652AEB7CE6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"769b65e3b4340f22c914424ec60cdcf4b3d0805d","datavalue":{"value":"Frobenius endomorphism","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$FF523DAE-C620-4E0B-94A8-21D621FD84F4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2dec7d877053e34a00e479f50038beb3862e6845","datavalue":{"value":"simply-connected algebraic group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$EFC6ED67-AB7D-4B34-87AF-A3787920745D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"52a7e253365656719a7b0df4cf8e4b2746bff6b1","datavalue":{"value":"Galois group","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$74BE304C-FD70-4580-9768-ED3250CDCC04","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0ccfaf145d4c6b84dcdd5289a9ce06e73a465f23","datavalue":{"value":"difference Galois theory","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$1561B9BD-8A69-4B9F-83AA-D81CFC8FC572","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"100aaa2fd0f9708702c5bfbb00416f92df66e458","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233260,"id":"Q233260"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$BEED2B06-8DF8-41D6-AC34-8B0D1AC64CA0","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$F674D30E-0089-4906-842D-13691994B180","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"a6cb8fdd6d1028b17bb11ed4cfb650e4a3276f12","datavalue":{"value":"W3104760952","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$55652714-E7D7-4467-92D8-DFC538EAF9F9","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"545039be751fb2973e916530a6aae13fe691d4f1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1772447,"id":"Q1772447"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$6431A343-B289-43FD-8C66-5C3497E28A75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fa71647b17a0d7abf368c7623aa1c2584f2a7710","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1758951,"id":"Q1758951"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$A5857BBC-8825-453E-884B-7D5BECC39441","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c68764a3b5ec74c7aebee70f653efc1fcd03555a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3999894,"id":"Q3999894"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$C8EEEBA7-9C60-44DE-BE92-9806B5CC768E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b997735e24d4b2cb8971fe69bbc50923a3f9464e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2197700,"id":"Q2197700"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$1F5B3953-70EF-480C-8FF9-ACBEF222F345","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2995ee9130894259d0f8a86c5036e6be5ab0be6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2378049,"id":"Q2378049"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$3F20CF91-4D9D-4A60-A6A3-677D3FE49507","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ba72c9a41921ad15c44f894d7826777809a53833","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5691951,"id":"Q5691951"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$6B547E4A-3C8C-48DE-A566-3888C4D04FCA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec9a41620eee325458c800856323320e71ae4c57","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3502622,"id":"Q3502622"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$A9DB8DE3-2818-4923-94DB-07C4BE194F42","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"eec9e0d30bc02025b5128cb33b1b97602cf15a5e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3090098,"id":"Q3090098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$ACC8D82B-0233-4A2E-BF7F-0CD05DBC0A99","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c8184c9e22f7bf71dec0c9ecfb633139eaa729b1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2770573,"id":"Q2770573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$3D8887F1-083A-4803-95DF-8606E8186B3F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6b8aa7ffd5ee6e11ccabce828b86432be9f7dc98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4817226,"id":"Q4817226"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$101E85F5-4F0C-41B7-8C3C-528E71045AFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"66747826fd9abfe62adb0d9c1175f18ad1a49276","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":962064,"id":"Q962064"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$7C4F0D30-9398-4CF0-988D-DF91988EA840","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0c723630de3392b9871b921ba5ad0f950557c73c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1923959,"id":"Q1923959"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$BF80B512-1F9B-4B56-9936-CA62A92A4DD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6c7b7e6c1ee4a7fcf251a54c4c5094067cd14cd8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4295417,"id":"Q4295417"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$9737859C-4B93-44B4-906E-795A561382E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7ff4d035aa2944353687d8997ace6507177556ab","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2471788,"id":"Q2471788"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$D9071655-46C3-4CA1-9FA5-8ED47ED4B6B1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f7240e949c56c40f631c4151c71c8533983eb25f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5900394,"id":"Q5900394"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$DE7E6782-2F51-4EB7-8270-3671E7C5207E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f60a1e7f1f6e21925a5022e6896e8494794879a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1369891,"id":"Q1369891"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$8F996FE1-D0AE-4E36-BFB5-5772B8D2CC2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0ccf36cc7f9b500c7114ecf311b542184237ce41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3586995,"id":"Q3586995"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$95C99C6A-959A-4A09-8807-4FBEDAD1C580","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"03dee8a8b413fb60de4e14148305f405b8a9c0bf","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/S00208-014-1012-Z","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q2509869$037E4575-8CAD-4689-9144-3FCC6718D79A","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2e06edbb5d55fad1f3817a322dc85eaa83d968fd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1979314,"id":"Q1979314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0ef237431bda9796c764709c8ea8bde02cffc0ac","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7970336675643921","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2509869$EB3D35A7-6260-4B33-BA41-FD955DC1CC94","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8678369291776710e378881ab243a79a22036d5f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5141747,"id":"Q5141747"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"a607e048fe121b8a687df4d3d866e42da47eda7f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7801421284675598","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2509869$61FB7FD4-674E-4F3E-8619-7F2A894B5F31","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"862efd2640d8cc7ba6f50cd417ed62e07cbb3ef6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1163058,"id":"Q1163058"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"070483496ab22d2ef53cfd2b013710a6c1f6a220","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7660441398620605","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2509869$608E9F51-9DBA-48F6-A8D9-93BE06A95BC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e1f5764ac8dd8b48e4756371c6f61ce0e8c5c1f2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3535217,"id":"Q3535217"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"81c2fc4dfe703cc6bc73fb17117534f2b3eb2289","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7637297511100769","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2509869$DD49E6FE-E7B2-41D7-93EC-3CBB2A8B0CD5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b44da03317aa0e1138655316cc9f6173a24287ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2452068,"id":"Q2452068"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b89ef8995770b6b17ca3ead12856dda2ad9729f3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7611956000328064","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q2509869$2648F17D-A170-4F27-AAF7-CE94BBC7A527","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:2509869","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:2509869"}}}}}