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Therefore, we display both reviews, by adding the second one to the originally published review:  The authors define the index of maximality \\(m(y)\\) for a positive number \\(y\\). They show that this number is the maximal number \\(m\\) such that the set \\(V_m(y)\\) of partitions of \\(y\\) in \\(m\\) non-negative integers with some conditions is non-empty. The set \\(V_m(y)\\) is related to the vanishing of the power sum \\(S'_m(y)=\\sum_f f^y\\) studied by Carlitz, where \\(f\\) runs over all monic polynomials of degree \\(m\\) over a finite field. By proving that \\(m(y)\\) is equal to the degree of Goss zeta function, they show the invariance of the degree of Goss zeta function under a certain permutation group of \\(\\mathbb Z_p\\) and study the properties of an equivalence relation on \\(\\mathbb Z_p\\), which depends on the Newton polygon of the Goss zeta function. Further, they give an algorithm to calculate the sets \\(V_i(y),1\\leq i\\leq m(y)\\).   Reviewer: Noburo Ishii (Kyoto)   \\textit{J. Sheats} [J. Number Theory 71, No.1, 121--157 (1998); Zbl 0918.11030] proved the Riemann hypothesis for the Goss zeta function for \\({\\mathbb F}_q[T]\\). The main part of Sheat's paper is concerned with a combinatorial proof of certain power sums stated by Leonard Carlitz without a complete proof. Let \\(y\\in {\\mathbb N}\\) and let \\(U_m(y)\\) be the set of \\(m\\)--tuples \\((X_1,\\ldots,X_m)\\) where \\(X_i\\) is a nonnegative integer for all \\(1\\leq i\\leq m\\) such that \\(y=\\sum X_i\\); there is no \\(p\\)--adic carry in the sum and, for \\(1\\leq i\\leq m-1\\), \\(X_i>0\\) and \\((q-1)\\mid X_i\\). For an \\(m\\)--tuple \\(X=(X_1,\\ldots,X_m)\\in {\\mathbb Z}_{\\geq 0}^m\\), the weight of \\(X\\) is \\(wt(X)=\\sum_{i=1}^m iX_i\\). An \\textit{optimal} element of a subset \\(W\\subseteq {\\mathbb Z}_{\\geq 0}^m\\) is an element of maximal weight in \\(W\\). The \\textit{greedy} element of \\(W\\) is the tuple \\((G_1,\\ldots,G_m)\\in W\\) for which \\((G_m, G_{m-1},\\ldots, G_1)\\) is the largest in the lexicographical order. Let \\(V_m(y)=\\{(X_1,\\ldots,X_m)\\in U_m(y)\\mid X_m>0\\}\\). One the main results of Sheats is the proof that if \\(V_m(y)\\neq \\emptyset\\), then it contains a single optimal element and this optimal element is the greedy element of \\(V_m(y)\\). The proof of the Riemann hypothesis depends on the vanishing of some Carlitz power sums: \\(S_m^{\\prime}(y)=\\sum_{ f\\in A^+ \\atop \\deg f=m} f^y\\) where \\(y\\in{\\mathbb N}\\), \\(A={\\mathbb F}_q[T]\\) and \\(A^+\\) is the set of monic polynomials. \\textit{L. Carlitz} [Duke Math. J. \\textbf{15}, 1001--1012 (1948); Zbl 0032.00303] stated that \\(S_m^{\\prime}(y)\\neq 0\\) if and only if \\(U_{m+1}(y)\\neq \\emptyset\\). Sheats proved this statement.  In this paper, for a non-negative integer \\(y\\) it is defined the \\textit{index of maximality} \\({\\mathfrak m}(y)\\) which is the maximum number of vectors in certain basis related with Sheat's proof. The index of maximality determines the maximum positive integer \\(m\\) such that \\(V_m(y)\\neq \\emptyset\\). The authors give an algorithm to find \\(V_i(y)\\), \\(1\\leq i\\leq {\\mathfrak m}(y)\\) explicitly. In the case \\(q=p\\), \\({\\mathfrak m}(y)=\\lceil \\ell_p(y)/(p-1)\\rceil\\) where for any \\(q=p^r\\) we define \\(\\ell_q:=\\sum_{i=0}^{\\omega} y_i\\) with \\(y=\\sum_{i=0}^{\\omega} y_i q^i\\) the \\(q\\)--adic expansion of \\(y\\), that is, \\(0\\leq y_i\\leq q-1\\) and \\(\\lceil \\cdot \\rceil\\) denotes the ceiling function. In the general case, we have that if \\(q=p^r\\) and \\(y\\in{\\mathbb Z}_{\\geq 0}\\), then \\(V_1(y),\\ldots, V_m(y)\\neq \\emptyset\\) and \\(V_{m+1}(y)=\\emptyset\\) where \\(m={\\mathfrak m}(y)\\).  The authors use the index of maximality \\(m={\\mathfrak m}(y)\\) to show that the degree \\(d\\) in \\(x^{-1}\\) of \\(\\zeta(x,-y)\\) is \\(m-1\\) if \\(q-1\\nmid \\ell_q(y)\\) and \\(m\\) if \\(q-1\\mid \\ell_q(y)\\) where \\(\\zeta(x,-y)\\) is the Goss zeta function. Finally, the properties of an equivalence relation on \\({\\mathbb Z}_p\\) depending on the Newton polygon of the Goss zeta function are generalized for all \\(q\\).  Reviewer: Gabriel D. Villa-Salvador (M\u00e9xico D. 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