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Starting with a unitary irreducible representation \\(\\pi\\) of a Lie group \\(G\\), one asks how the restriction \\(\\pi|_H\\) decomposes, for \\(H\\subset G\\) a subgroup. In the case where \\((G,H)\\) is a pair of real reductive groups, let \\(K, H\\cap K\\) be maximal compact subgroups of \\(G\\) and \\(H\\) respectively. Then one asks how the underlying \\((\\mathfrak{g},K)\\)-module \\(X\\) of \\(\\pi\\) behaves as an \\((\\mathfrak{g},H\\cap K)\\)-module. It was proved by the first author that either (1) \\(X\\) is discretely decomposable as an \\((\\mathfrak{h},H\\cap K)\\)-module, or (2) \\(\\mathrm{Hom}_{\\mathfrak{h}, H\\cap K}(Y,X)=0\\) for any irreducible \\((\\mathfrak{h},H\\cap K)\\)-module \\(Y\\). In the first case one can decompose both \\(\\pi|_H\\) and \\(X_{(\\mathfrak{h},H\\cap K)}\\) as a Hilbert and algebraic direct sum respectively. For example, (1) always holds for pairs \\((G,H)\\) with \\(H=K\\) because K is compact, but never holds for the pair \\((\\mathrm{SL}(n,\\mathbb{C}),\\mathrm{SL}(n,\\mathbb{R}))\\) if \\(\\dim X=\\infty\\).  The paper focuses on symmetric pairs \\((G,G^\\sigma)\\) where \\(G^\\sigma\\) is the fixed point group of an involution \\(\\sigma\\) of \\(G\\). This setting contains tensor products of representations taking \\(\\mathrm{diag} G\\) to be the fixed point group of \\(G\\times G\\) under the automorphism \\(\\sigma(x,y)=(y,x)\\). In particular the authors consider the following problems:  Problem A: Classify all the reductive symmetric pairs \\((G,G^\\sigma)\\) for which there exists at least one infinite-dimensional irreducible \\((\\mathfrak{g},K)\\)-module \\(X\\) satisfying the property (1). This problem splits into two cases, first when \\(\\mathfrak{g}\\) is simple and second when \\((G,G^\\sigma)\\) is the group case \\((G' \\times G',\\mathrm{diag}G')\\) with \\(\\mathfrak{g}'\\) simple. The authors provide a complete solution to this problem on the Lie algebra level. For simple \\(\\mathfrak{g}\\) they get a large family of such symmetric pairs including the cases \\(G^\\sigma=K\\), \\((\\mathfrak{g},\\mathfrak{g}^\\sigma)\\) is of holomorphic type and \\(\\mathfrak{g}^\\sigma\\) is the real form of a complex \\(\\mathfrak{g}\\).  Problem B: If \\((\\mathfrak{g},\\mathfrak{g}^\\sigma)\\) is a reductive symmetric pair, find a criterion for determining which infinite-dimensional irreducible \\((\\mathfrak{g},K)\\)-modules \\(X\\) are discretely decomposable as \\((\\mathfrak{g}^\\sigma,K^\\sigma)\\)-modules. It is proved in the paper that it is always possible to find such a unitarizable \\((\\mathfrak{g},K)\\)-module (assuming it exists). Furthermore, they prove a usable criterion for discrete decomposability of a minimal representation \\(X\\). The authors finally use their results to prove that the tensor product of two infinite-dimensional irreducible \\((\\mathfrak{g},K)\\)-modules is discretely decomposable if and only if \\(G=K\\) is a Hermitian symmetric space and these modules are simultaneously highest weight modules or they are simultaneously lowest weight modules. Very roughly, the results suggest that the ``smaller'' X is, the more likely the restriction \\(X_{\\mathfrak{h}, H\\cap K}\\) is discretely 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