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The main results are that the ``type'' of the degenerations can be read off from the monodromy operator acting on certain cohomology group.  Let \\(R\\) be a complete discrete valuation ring with perfect residue field \\(k\\) of characteristic \\(p>3\\) and the field \\(F\\) of fractions. Let \\(\\pi\\) be a uniformizer of \\(R\\).  Let \\(X\\) be a smooth and projective scheme over \\(F\\). A \\textit{model} of \\(X\\) over \\(R\\) is a regular algebraic space \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\), proper and flat over \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) over \\(R\\), whose generic fibre is isomorphic to \\(X\\), and whose special fibre is a scheme. A model is said to be \\textit{semistable} (resp. \\textit{strictly semistable}) if it is \u00e9tale locally smooth over \\(R[x_1,\\cdots, x_d](x_1\\ldots x_r-\\pi)\\) (resp. if furthermore the irreducible components of the special fibre \\(Y\\) are smooth over \\(k\\)).  The main problems discussed in this article are (1) Does there exist a model \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) of \\(X\\) which is smooth over \\(R\\)? (``abstract'' good reduction), and  (2) Given a semistable model \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) of \\(X\\), can one tell whether or not \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) is smooth? (``concrete'' good reduction)  The paper studies these problems for minimal smooth projective surfaces over \\(F\\) of Kodaira dimension \\(\\kappa=0\\), namely, \\(K3\\) surfaces, Enriques surfaces, abelian surfaces and bielliptic surfaces.  The prototypical result is formulated as follows.  {Theorem 1}: Let \\(X/F\\) be a minimal surface with Kodaira dimension \\(\\kappa=0\\). Let \\(\\ell\\) be a prime (possibly equal to \\(p\\)). Let \\({\\mathcal{X}}/R\\) be a ``minimal'' model of \\(X\\). Then the special fibre \\(Y\\) of \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) is ``combinatorial'', and moreover, there exists an ``\\(\\ell\\)-adic local system'' \\(V_{\\ell}\\) of \\(X\\) such that \\(Y\\) is of Type I, II or III as the nilpotency index of a certain monodromy operator on \\(H^i(X,V_{\\ell})\\) is \\(1, 2\\) or \\(3\\), respectively.  In other words, the degeneration ``type'' can be read off from the monodromy operator acting on \\(H^i(X, V_{\\ell})\\). This can be viewed as an arithmetic analogue of results of \\textit{U. Persson} [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 189, 144 p. (1977; Zbl 0368.14008)] and \\textit{V. S. Kulikov} [Math. USSR, Izv. 11, 957--989 (1977; Zbl 0387.14007)] on degenerations of complex surfaces.  The hypothesis of ``minimality'' of the model \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) is more or less the assumption that the canonical divisor of \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) is numerically trivial.  Toward higher dimensions, Calabi-Yau threefolds are studied looking at ``maximally unipotent'' degenerations.  A morphism \\(f: X\\to S\\) of algebraic varieties is said to be a \\textit{Mori fiber space} if it is projective with connected fibres, and the anticanonial divisor \\(-K_X\\) is \\(f\\)-ample.  If \\(Y=\\bigcup_i V_i\\) is a simple normal crossings variety over \\(k\\) of dimension \\(3\\). \\(Y\\) is said to be a \\textit{combinatorial Calabi-Yau of Type IV} if geometrically  \\(\\bullet\\) each component \\(V_i\\) is birational to a Mori fibre space over a unirational base;  \\(\\bullet\\) each connected component of every double surfaces \\(S_{ij}\\) is rational;  \\(\\bullet\\) each connected component of every triple curve \\(C_{ijk}\\) is rational;  \\(\\bullet\\) the dual graph \\(\\Gamma\\) of \\(Y\\) is a triangulation of the \\(3\\)-sphere \\(S^3\\).  The result is formulated as follows.  {Theorem 2}: Let \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) be a strictly semistable \\(R\\)-scheme with generic fibre \\(X\\) a Calabi-Yau threefold. Assume moreover that the sheaf of logarithmic \\(3\\)-forms \\(\\omega_{{\\mathcal{X}}}\\) on \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) relative to \\(R\\) is trivial, and that \\(N^3\\neq 0\\) on \\(H^3(X)\\) where \\(N\\) is a monodromy operator acting on \\(H^3(X)\\) such that \\(N^4=0\\). Then the special fibre \\(Y\\) of \\({\\mathcal{X}}\\) is a combinatorial Calabi-Yau of Type 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